The passage suggests three possible theories to explain the meaning and function of the carved stone balls found in Scotland. In contrast, the lecture states that these three possibilities are not convincing. He rejects each of the author's reasons.
First, the article points out that these carved stone balls were used for hunting and fighting. The professor opposes this point and indicates that other weapons that were used in Neolithic period have sign of wearing, but these balls remained very well. If these stones were used as weapon, there would be some marks on the stone. She says that although some of these stone balls have crack on them, they were preserved generally well. As a result, these carved stones were not served as weapons.
Furthermore, the reading posits that these balls were employed to measure grain or other goods. On the other hand, the speaker mentions that even though these stone balls have the same size, they have different masses and weights. This is because the balls were made from different types of the stones, such as sand stones and green stones. In the words of the professor, the stones with the same size do not have the same density and weights. Thus, these stones were not probably used for measuring purpose.
Finally, the passage argues that perhaps these stone balls showed people’s social class. The professor rejects this by explaining that it is unlikely that these stones were used as a social marker. Some of these stones have intricate pattern, while others have very simple pattern to show social status of the people. Besides, in ancient Britain, when someone died, they were buried with their assets. But there are not any stone balls in tombs and graves. So this theory is inconceivable to be true.
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 26 in 30
Category: Very Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 19 12
No. of Words: 297 250
No. of Characters: 1425 1200
No. of Different Words: 155 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.151 4.2
Average Word Length: 4.798 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.078 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 96 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 61 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 31 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 16 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 15.632 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.081 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.789 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.332 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.507 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.081 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4
Discourse Markers used:
['besides', 'but', 'finally', 'first', 'furthermore', 'if', 'so', 'thus', 'well', 'while', 'in contrast', 'such as', 'as a result', 'on the other hand']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.243323442136 0.261695866417 93% => OK
Verbs: 0.181008902077 0.158904122519 114% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0623145400593 0.0723426182421 86% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0504451038576 0.0435111971325 116% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0237388724036 0.0277247811725 86% => OK
Prepositions: 0.121661721068 0.128828473217 94% => OK
Participles: 0.0563798219585 0.0370669169778 152% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.22221201916 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0118694362018 0.0208969081088 57% => OK
Particles: 0.00296735905045 0.00154638098197 192% => OK
Determiners: 0.13353115727 0.128158765124 104% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00296735905045 0.0158828679856 19% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00890207715134 0.0114777025283 78% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1774.0 1645.83664459 108% => OK
No of words: 297.0 271.125827815 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.97306397306 6.08160592843 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15134772569 4.04852973271 103% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.3367003367 0.374372842146 90% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.232323232323 0.287516216867 81% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.13468013468 0.187439937562 72% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.0673400673401 0.113142543107 60% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.22221201916 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.521885521886 0.539623497131 97% => OK
Word variations: 52.646761844 53.8517498576 98% => OK
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0529801325 146% => OK
Sentence length: 15.6315789474 21.7502111507 72% => OK
Sentence length SD: 30.3076560727 49.3711431718 61% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.3684210526 132.220823453 71% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.6315789474 21.7502111507 72% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.736842105263 0.878197800319 84% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 3.39072847682 0% => OK
Readability: 38.8639021797 50.5018328374 77% => OK
Elegance: 1.6511627907 1.90840788429 87% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.678336331199 0.549887131256 123% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.0936864369794 0.142949733639 66% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0698641738536 0.0787303798458 89% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.499558179912 0.631733273073 79% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.150689990364 0.139662658121 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.252222792405 0.266732575781 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.11400299643 0.103435571967 110% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.375750230307 0.414875509568 91% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0875181836469 0.0530846634433 165% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.497855276743 0.40443939384 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0461381833406 0.0528353158467 87% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.26048565121 117% => OK
Positive topic words: 6.0 3.49668874172 172% => OK
Negative topic words: 6.0 3.62251655629 166% => OK
Neutral topic words: 5.0 3.1766004415 157% => OK
Total topic words: 17.0 10.2958057395 165% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.