The lecturer contends that, although the theory which humpback whales might be navigating themselves by the stars is seemingly fascinating, the three evidence provided by the reading passage are not very convincing. Accoding to the lecturer, the three evidence suffers from several flaws, as is presented below.
The flaw of the first evidence is that there is no connection between animals' intelligence and the use of stars to navigate. The lecturer states an example about ducks, which shows that ducks can navigate themselves by the stars even though they are not highly intelligent. In fact, navigating by the stars is an ability bored with the ducks. Therefore, based on this example, the ability of navigating by the stars is not connected to the intelligence of the humpback.
In addition, the problem of the second evidence is that the external objects or forces presented in the reading passage could be the earth magnetic field. The lecturer mentions that there is bio-magnetites in humpback whales's brains, which is sensitive to the magnetic field of earth. In this way, they might rely on the earth magnetic field to migrate in straight lines rather than the stars, which is a contradiction to the reading passage.
Moreover, the spy-hopping behavior may be not able to prove that they are looking for the stars. According to the lecturer, sharks also have the spy-hopping behavior even though they do not navigate. Actually, they are looking for animals to hunt when they float up from the sea. The lecturer emphasizes that humpback whales also perform spy-hopping behavior during the day when there is no star apparently, so that this kind of behavior is only a pure speculation of humpback whales rather than navigating by stars.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, apparently, first, look, may, moreover, second, so, therefore, in addition, in fact, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1467.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 287.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11149825784 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11595363751 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73231167317 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.477351916376 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 446.4 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.7461234834 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.846153846 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0769230769 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.30769230769 7.06452816374 118% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.364436181514 0.272083759551 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.124360919319 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0681465138891 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.194755398811 0.162205337803 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0849693101253 0.0443174109184 192% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.03 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.