The ancient Oppo tribe has long been thought to have hunted only with wooden spears because none of their cave paintings depict bows or arrows. Recently, however, flint arrowheads have been found among the fossilized bones of ibex, animals thought to be a staple of the oppo tribe’s diet. Since these finds were made on land previously inhabited by the Oppo tribe, it follows that the Oppo used both spears and arrows to hunt.
The author of the prompt describes a certain characteristic of a tribe based upon the evidence obtained from fossilized bones of an animal. We do not know the credibility of the evidence obtained but even if it did prove out to be legitimate there are serious questions that need to be answered before the above conclusion can even be remotely sound.
Firstly, although cave paintings can in many cases, deteriorate and lose some content, they can be used to infer the daily lives of ancient people. So, if the overall condition of the caves are good and it seems to have undergone negligible damage, then it boosts the chances that the flint arrowheads could come from another source, because if arrows were used extensively, there are staggering chances that they be featured in the paintings. There can be a possibility that the cave paintings are deteriorated, and we might need to look at other evidences to come to a conclusion, there is no hard reason to neglect the paintings when coming to the conclusion.
Secondly, the legitimacy of the flint arrowheads obtained from fossilized ibex is not clear. And we do not know whether there are enough ibex fossils containing flint arrowheads or just a very few ones. Because, if we are to conclude that arrowheads were used by the Oppo tribe, we need widespread use of the arrows. Not having the count of the ibex fossils containing arrowheads makes us incline towards the idea that we might have an exception in our hands and not the rule, invalidating the conclusion greatly. What if they had experimented with arrows but found it to be less useful and then rejected them? What if only a very small fraction used them, that doesn’t make the whole tribe using the arrows.
Next, the author mentions that the findings come from land previously inhabited by the Oppo tribe, are we to think that the Oppo tribe lived their exclusively or was there another tribe involved that used arrows and could have also had ibex as their staple diet. If so, then the conclusion is very wrong as we know that Oppo can’t be the only tribe to hunt. In any case, more evidence, focused on whether the oppo tribe was the sole inhibitor of the land from which the evidence was obtained, would help in knowing whether the argument is baseless or not.
Although, it is tempting to take the new evidence from fossilised ibex on it’s face value, and believe the conclusion, the credibility of the findings and the assumptions made are clearly major issues that need to be fixed in order to come to the conclusion. Once, the required evidence is obtained, the argument becomes not only plausible, but convincingly sound.
- Students are more responsible for their education than their teachers 68
- The ancient Oppo tribe has long been thought to have hunted only with wooden spears because none of their cave paintings depict bows or arrows. Recently, however, flint arrowheads have been found among the fossilized bones of ibex, animals thought to be a 66
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, if, look, second, secondly, so, then, in any case, in many cases
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 28.0 19.6327345309 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 50.0 55.5748502994 90% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2215.0 2260.96107784 98% => OK
No of words: 459.0 441.139720559 104% => OK
Chars per words: 4.825708061 5.12650576532 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.62863751936 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.65903224596 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 214.0 204.123752495 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.466230936819 0.468620217663 99% => OK
syllable_count: 718.2 705.55239521 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.67365269461 239% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 22.8473053892 123% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 66.889104821 57.8364921388 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 138.4375 119.503703932 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.6875 23.324526521 123% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.6875 5.70786347227 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.226643104213 0.218282227539 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0802692299409 0.0743258471296 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0365619121624 0.0701772020484 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.117334783739 0.128457276422 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0549125569922 0.0628817314937 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.7 14.3799401198 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.06 48.3550499002 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 12.197005988 116% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.33 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.29 8.32208582834 100% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 11.1389221557 119% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.