Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing two separate
studies. First, US statistics show that each year there are approximately 40,000 deaths in automobile
accidents versus only approximately 200 in flight accidents. Second, studies indicate that pilots are four
times less likely than average to have accidents on the road.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine
whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the argument.
The argument made by Airline industery representatives that flying is better than driving in terms of safety procedures since it depends on two specific reasons. First, study shows that number of deaths caused by car accidents are much more than those of air planes. Another reason which imply that piolots are more careful as they are less likely to have accidents. However, the argument is not entirely logically convincing as it ignores certain crucial assumptions.
First of all, the argument depends on a ambiguous study that shows that death rates by car accidents are much more than those of flight accidents. The study should clearly define where and when that study have been done? It may be taken in a undeveloped or third-world country which have not cultivated roads so that result to a large number of deaths. Also, mathematics not always give a precise indicator, in other words 40000 out of 1000000 who drive cars on roads, are different than 200 death out of 1000 who take the plane. As a result the first study should answer how many number of participants are taken??
Secondly, the assumption made by Airline industry representatives that pilots are less likey (probably) to have accidents on roads by four times may be true on real life since they are they spend most of their time in air so they less likely to drive their cars. Hence, depending on the previous assumption as indicator that piolots are more cautious than others may appear dubious.
Thus, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the conclusion that flight is more secure than driving does little to prove that conclusion, since it does not address the assumptions already raised.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 39, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
... First of all, the argument depends on a ambiguous study that shows that death r...
^
Line 3, column 242, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...tudy have been done? It may be taken in a undeveloped or third-world country whic...
^
Line 3, column 329, Rule ID: LARGE_NUMBER_OF[1]
Message: Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use 'many' or 'numerous'
Suggestion: many; numerous
... not cultivated roads so that result to a large number of deaths. Also, mathematics not always gi...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 485, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[2]
Message: Did you mean 'different 'from''? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.
Suggestion: from
... who drive cars on roads, are different than 200 death out of 1000 who take the plan...
^^^^
Line 3, column 578, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun number seems to be countable; consider using: 'many numbers'.
Suggestion: many numbers
...esult the first study should answer how many number of participants are taken?? Secondly,...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 382, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...autious than others may appear dubious. Thus, the argument is not completely sou...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, hence, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, third, thus, as a result, first of all, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 19.6327345309 81% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 12.9520958084 39% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 11.1786427146 18% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 55.5748502994 63% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 16.3942115768 43% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1414.0 2260.96107784 63% => OK
No of words: 286.0 441.139720559 65% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.94405594406 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.56307096286 90% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56063444202 2.78398813304 92% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 204.123752495 75% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.534965034965 0.468620217663 114% => OK
syllable_count: 436.5 705.55239521 62% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.471057884232 0% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 19.7664670659 66% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.9712831817 57.8364921388 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 108.769230769 119.503703932 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 23.324526521 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.76923076923 5.70786347227 154% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.67664670659 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.136826867964 0.218282227539 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0463147180578 0.0743258471296 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0422411663006 0.0701772020484 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0791068197672 0.128457276422 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0476030995015 0.0628817314937 76% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 14.3799401198 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 48.3550499002 119% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.93 8.32208582834 95% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 98.500998004 59% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.