TPO 47
The reading passage claims that large pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and provides some evidence to refute them all.
The author argues that based on modern reptiles, ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded as well. The metabolism in cold-blooded animals does not let them fly, because a flight is an activity requiring a lot of energy. In contrast, the lecturer brings the idea that based on some discovered fossils, the pterosaurs have a dense hair-like covering which is similar to fur. Typically, fur is in warm-blooded animals, so they can save enough energy and they can fly.
Furthermore, the reading passage underlines that pterosaurs are heavy to can keep themselves in the air by powered flight. On the contrary, the speaker holds the view that pterosaurs' anatomic feature was light because their bones were made of hollow rather than solid. Despite their large bodies, they had weight low.
Finally, the reading passage asserts that all animals with powered flight are able to take off from ground. For example, birds, take off by jumping from their legs or running speed and then jumping. But these methods would not have worked for large pterosaurs. Conversely, the lecturer dismisses this issue due to fact that birds walk on the ground and they use their hind limbs to jump, but pterosaurs like bats, have 4 limbs and they can use all of them for running fast enough and jumping high enough.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, so, then, well, for example, in contrast, such as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalization wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1251.0 1373.03311258 91% => OK
No of words: 249.0 270.72406181 92% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02409638554 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97237131171 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45111558549 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.598393574297 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 377.1 419.366225166 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.0059797279 49.2860985944 95% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.2307692308 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1538461538 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.76923076923 7.06452816374 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.523698694116 0.272083759551 192% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.170789029331 0.0996497079465 171% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.073306941098 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.280614201614 0.162205337803 173% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0642637400167 0.0443174109184 145% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.07 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.