Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals
performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves. Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act. In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
The term altruism defined as unselfish behavior that require sacrificing without getting anything back. According to the passage, altruism exits in many of humans and animals’ actions. However, the professor in the lecture emphasizes that there are no unselfish actions even when the expected reward is small or not obvious.
In the passage, the author gives an example about the altruistic behavior of meerkats, where one of the group stand as a guard while the others are eating or searching for food. The professor argue this point and cite a study on meerkats that says the one guarding eats before the others then it go to guard them. Thus, it doesn’t guarding out of selfishness.
Furthermore, the author state that this meerkat guard send an alarm to alert the others when a predator is approaching. While the study introduced by the professor contends that the meerkat guard will be the first one to see the predator, and also its crying alarm draw the attention of the predator away from him. Hence, he will be the first one to flee and the safest one, and he will not need to go far and can hide in a good nearby hideout.
Lastly, referring to a human example, the professor contends that a person who donate his kidney for anyone will still receive appreciation and he will gain self-worth of himself. So, donating an organism may look like altruism act, but in fact it is not.
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- Altruism 3
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- Memoir 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 193, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'argues'.
Suggestion: argues
...ng or searching for food. The professor argue this point and cite a study on meerkats...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 332, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[4]
Message: The verb 'doesn't' requires base form of this verb: 'guard'
Suggestion: guard
...n it go to guard them. Thus, it doesn’t guarding out of selfishness. Furthermore, the...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, lastly, look, may, so, still, then, thus, while, in fact
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1159.0 1373.03311258 84% => OK
No of words: 243.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.7695473251 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94822203886 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51331531694 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.584362139918 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 350.1 419.366225166 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.3586062722 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.363636364 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0909090909 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.72727272727 7.06452816374 138% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.149715455401 0.272083759551 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0598557455523 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0674446098694 0.0662205650399 102% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0898764709348 0.162205337803 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0498164044963 0.0443174109184 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 66.07 53.8541721854 123% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.39 12.2367328918 85% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.04 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 51.0 63.6247240618 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.