The reading passage states some common beliefs about elephant bahaviors. Though this believes are led by experience, the facts behind those beliefs might be different. And in the lecture, the professor explains the reasons of some elephants behavior that are mentioned in the passage.
First, the reading describes the belief that, elephant are aware about their death and before death they go away from their herds. They go alone to places near water, which is called "elephant graveyards" and die alone. The professor refutes the belief of awareness of death, mentioning that, old elephants go near water for some practical reasons. As they grow old, their teeth becomes week and their chewing ability diminishes. To get softer vegitation, they go near water and in most cases, they eventually dies there.
Second, the passage describes about artistic ability of elephants. It mentions that elephant can draw recongnizable things from nature. However, the professor says that, this is nothing but a trick of elephant trainers. Trainers touch ears of elephant to make them using their trunk to make a brush stroke on canvas. So, elephant does not draw using their own talent. Rather, they are played by trainers who encourage them to draw some pattern on canvas.
Finally, the passage describes another fascinating belief about fear of mice by elephants. It is commonly believed that elephant fears mice more than some predators. However, according to the professor, this belief is not true. Elephant generally fears those animals which is not familiar to them. Due to natural instinct, it might be frightened to mice if this spieces is not familiar. But in some other environment, like in zoo, as mice is familiar elephant does not get frightened to them.
Thus, the professor points out some facts against common beliefs about elephant.
- TOEFL T P O 31 - Integrated Writing Task 3
- A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see one. In 1768 the animal became ex 76
- TPO 31 A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret 80
- TPO 33: CARVED STONE BALLSReading:Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types 80
- TPO35 In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it becam 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 232, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'elephants'' or 'elephant's'?
Suggestion: elephants'; elephant's
... professor explains the reasons of some elephants behavior that are mentioned in the pass...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 521, Rule ID: NON3PRS_VERB[2]
Message: The pronoun 'they' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: 'die'
Suggestion: die
...ater and in most cases, they eventually dies there. Second, the passage describes...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, second, so, thus, in most cases
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1564.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.24832214765 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61430718259 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530201342282 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 473.4 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 13.0662251656 161% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 20.2975596983 49.2860985944 41% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 74.4761904762 110.228320801 68% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.1904761905 21.698381199 65% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.09523809524 7.06452816374 44% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.122584002877 0.272083759551 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0428548035466 0.0996497079465 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0336038483408 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0638419344155 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0366809674141 0.0443174109184 83% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.58 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.15 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.