Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.Elephants Are Aware of Approaching DeathOne of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water—so called “elephant graveyards”—to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.Representing Objects through ArtAdditionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.Fear of MiceFinally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made in the reading passage.
The listening content refutes the reading passage in the interesting facts about elephant behaviours.
Firstly, the reading says the older elephants are aware of approaching death as they tend to leave their herds and stay alone near the water. Yet, the speaker argues that it's not possible. The reason is that the elephant has rust teeth while they grow older. This make them harder for chewing. Hence, they will look for softer plants as their food, and these usually are near the water. That's why elephant's bones are found near water.
Next, the reading points out that the elephants have artistic ability, for they are able to hold paintbrush to paint on canvas. Likewise, the speaker opposes the idea by claiming that the painting is actually finished through human's control of elephant's ears. The ears are sensitive to elephant. Hence, it can be used by human to train the elephant so that the elephants can draw flower pattern which is actually no meaning to themselves.
Last but not least, the reading consider the elephants fear of mice through the experiments conducted by scientists and the records from the philosopher. Still, the speaker asserts that the behaviour is actually owing to the unfamiliarness for elephants to the mice. They reason that they step away from the mice is because they haven't met this animal before. In contrast, in the zoo, the elephants recognize mice and wouldn't be scared by them as they know the mice won't pose a threat to them. As a result, the reading and listening are contradictory in the special behaviour of the elephants.
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| 2023-07-23 | nusybah | 78 | view |
| 2023-03-01 | rodrian | 65 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 387, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
..., and these usually are near the water. Thats why elephants bones are found near wate...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 329, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: haven't
...step away from the mice is because they havent met this animal before. In contrast, in...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 418, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...e zoo, the elephants recognize mice and wouldnt be scared by them as they know the mice...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, firstly, hence, likewise, look, so, still, while, in contrast, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1312.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.93233082707 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48715394813 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552631578947 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 390.6 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.0846437236 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.0 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.625 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.176383408724 0.272083759551 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0582820417085 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0373723917296 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.107936191498 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0389772833704 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.02 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 387, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
..., and these usually are near the water. Thats why elephants bones are found near wate...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 329, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: haven't
...step away from the mice is because they havent met this animal before. In contrast, in...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 418, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...e zoo, the elephants recognize mice and wouldnt be scared by them as they know the mice...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, firstly, hence, likewise, look, so, still, while, in contrast, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1312.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.93233082707 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48715394813 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552631578947 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 390.6 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.0846437236 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.0 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.625 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.176383408724 0.272083759551 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0582820417085 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0373723917296 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.107936191498 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0389772833704 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.02 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.