Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold,arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable,especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis.Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration.The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The reading and listening materials both discuss edmontosaur. The reading, to be more specific, claims that this extinct species is capable of migration. On the contrary, the lecturer holds a different idea and states that there are no chances that the edmontosaur could have been able to migrate.
The reading begins by stating that edmontosaur's diet works as a concrete evidence for its ability to travel. This is challenged by the professor, who feels strong that the animal could find its food right where it lived. She further explains that the North Slope was not as harsh as it is now, hence plants were likely to grow there. For that reason, there were no urges for emontosaur to migrate to fulfill its diet.
The reading then points out that the dinosaurs' skeletons provides evidence that they lived in herd in order to migrate more easily. The professor, in contrast, argues that edmontosaur might have lived in herds for other reasons other than migration. She supports her idea by using the example of the roosevelt elk who also live in herd for protection rather than migration.
The reading finishes by asserting that edmonsaur's physical ability enabled it to perform migration. The lecturer refutes this, claiming that they could not have traveled that far because of the youngsters.Indeed, edmontosaur's junveniles are too weak to catch up with the herd and it is unlikely that the parents would have left their offsprings to live on their own.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 206, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Indeed
...eled that far because of the youngsters.Indeed, edmontosaurs junveniles are too weak t...
^^^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'hence', 'if', 'so', 'then', 'in contrast', 'on the contrary']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.214285714286 0.261695866417 82% => OK
Verbs: 0.184210526316 0.158904122519 116% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0789473684211 0.0723426182421 109% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0451127819549 0.0435111971325 104% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0526315789474 0.0277247811725 190% => OK
Prepositions: 0.139097744361 0.128828473217 108% => OK
Participles: 0.0338345864662 0.0370669169778 91% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.64482109185 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0375939849624 0.0208969081088 180% => OK
Particles: 0.00751879699248 0.00154638098197 486% => OK
Determiners: 0.109022556391 0.128158765124 85% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0187969924812 0.0158828679856 118% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0112781954887 0.0114777025283 98% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1465.0 1645.83664459 89% => OK
No of words: 244.0 271.125827815 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 6.00409836066 6.08160592843 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.95227774224 4.04852973271 98% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.331967213115 0.374372842146 89% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.282786885246 0.287516216867 98% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.176229508197 0.187439937562 94% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.114754098361 0.113142543107 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64482109185 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.577868852459 0.539623497131 107% => OK
Word variations: 57.8078716902 53.8517498576 107% => OK
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0529801325 92% => OK
Sentence length: 20.3333333333 21.7502111507 93% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.6508964175 49.3711431718 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.083333333 132.220823453 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.3333333333 21.7502111507 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.583333333333 0.878197800319 66% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 3.39072847682 29% => OK
Readability: 48.6120218579 50.5018328374 96% => OK
Elegance: 1.37333333333 1.90840788429 72% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.229592531275 0.549887131256 42% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.11682502273 0.142949733639 82% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0466355391968 0.0787303798458 59% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.61511337039 0.631733273073 97% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.11338728456 0.139662658121 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104278239665 0.266732575781 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0441729265284 0.103435571967 43% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.295752723343 0.414875509568 71% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.024805708117 0.0530846634433 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.164816856282 0.40443939384 41% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0252310199413 0.0528353158467 48% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.26048565121 23% => More neutral sentences wanted.
Positive topic words: 8.0 3.49668874172 229% => OK
Negative topic words: 3.0 3.62251655629 83% => OK
Neutral topic words: 1.0 3.1766004415 31% => OK
Total topic words: 12.0 10.2958057395 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.