The main topic of both the reading and the lecture is whether pterosaurs were able to glide or were capable of powered flight. The reading passage claims that there are several arguments and theories which show that those animals were not able to be powered flight. On the other hand, the lecturer not only casts doubt on every single point raised by the author through citing three different counter-arguments but also believes that none of the mentioned explanations is accurate and the new results show that pterosaurs had the capability of powered flight.
To begin with, the author of the reading passage establishes that due to the fact the contemporary reptiles are cold-blooded, therefore, the ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were cold-blooded as well. Conversely, the lecturer rebuts this idea, stating that those animals had a dense light color hair like fur which protected them from the cold temperature and also kept the temperature of their body high. Under such a circumstance, they had a rapid metabolism and were able to generate energy for flying.
Furthermore, the reading passage brings up this notion that pterosaurs were tremendous and large like a giraffe and as a result, they were not able to flap their wings rapidly. In contrast, the lecturer specifies that in the anatomy of pterosaurs, there was an organ which made them very light. Despite a huge frame, they had some hollows in their structures which made them not heavy in comparison with other animals.
Eventually, the reading passage goes on to mention that all animals with the capability of the powered fight can take off from the ground; however, this idea could not have worked for those animals. Notwithstanding, the lecturer declares that birds use only their back leg to fly; however, those animals walked on their four limbs which really made them powerful when they wanted to take off from the ground. This actually was an additional power for them and created an opportunity for them to run fast as well as jump high enough.
- TOEFL T P O 31 - Integrated Writing Task 3
- when there is a new technological device available, some people will buy it immediately, while others will wait until many others have adopted it. Which view do you agree more. 73
- Imagine that you are planning to take a vacation, trying to decide between two places to visit. Which of these two options do you believe would give you better information about making your choice? Why?-- Reading about the places online--Discussing the pl 73
- TPO 36 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing sports can teach people lessons about life. 70
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, conversely, furthermore, however, if, really, so, therefore, well, in contrast, such as, as a result, as well as, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1697.0 1373.03311258 124% => OK
No of words: 338.0 270.72406181 125% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02071005917 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28774723029 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64063323362 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.526627218935 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 525.6 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 53.9003066369 49.2860985944 109% => OK
Chars per sentence: 141.416666667 110.228320801 128% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.1666666667 21.698381199 130% => OK
Discourse Markers: 13.9166666667 7.06452816374 197% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.192236827589 0.272083759551 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0824191158898 0.0996497079465 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0857524578679 0.0662205650399 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.126365651908 0.162205337803 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0619543207704 0.0443174109184 140% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.3 13.3589403974 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.06 53.8541721854 80% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 11.0289183223 129% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.