Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were capable of powered flight (flying by flapping their wings) or whether they were able only to glide. Several arguments have been made against powered flight.
The article states that the powered flight are unique to the warm-blooded animal such as the birds and illustrated the Several arguments against the pterosaurs powered flight capability, and provides three reasons for support., However, the professor explains that the recent studies reveal that the pterosaurs' information is capable of flight the same as birds and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading states that the pterosaurs would not have been able to generate the prerequisite of flight such as energy, and this creator was not warm-blooded, thereby not producing such energy.
The professor refutes this point by stating that some fossil research has shown the pterosaurs had feathers on their skin. They can maintain body temperature like warm-blooded animals, which shows that the pterosaurs could produce such energy to flight.
Second, the article claims that there was a weight impediment to flight, and they could not be kept airborne by powered flight., However, the professor contends that despite the large body shape, the Many pterosaurs had the hallow bones structures that make this animal have unusual lightweight.
Third, the reading avers that their back leg muscles were too small and weak allowed the pterosaurs to run fast enough or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air. The lecturer opposes this point by saying that they had four-limbs that needed to fast run and flight; they could run fast enough to reach a point that they could fly.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is important to know about events happening around the world even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 90
- TPO 49 3
- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is 90
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In the past young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives Use specific reasons and examples to su 76
- TOEFL TPO 16 - Integrated Writing Task 88
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 301, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'pterosaurs'' or 'pterosaur's'?
Suggestion: pterosaurs'; pterosaur's
...that the recent studies reveal that the pterosaurs information is capable of flight the sa...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 221, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...rge body shape, the Many pterosaurs had the hallow bones structures that make this animal ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, second, so, third, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1267.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 242.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.23553719008 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94415379849 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50071023311 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.553719008264 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 360.9 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 34.0 21.2450331126 160% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 93.7517346778 49.2860985944 190% => OK
Chars per sentence: 181.0 110.228320801 164% => OK
Words per sentence: 34.5714285714 21.698381199 159% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.141769373034 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0690043665003 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0334513492912 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0796656208954 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0211009620085 0.0443174109184 48% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.5 13.3589403974 153% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.43 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.7 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.24 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 10.7273730684 168% => OK
gunning_fog: 15.6 10.498013245 149% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.2008830022 143% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 301, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'pterosaurs'' or 'pterosaur's'?
Suggestion: pterosaurs'; pterosaur's
...that the recent studies reveal that the pterosaurs information is capable of flight the sa...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 221, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...rge body shape, the Many pterosaurs had the hallow bones structures that make this animal ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, second, so, third, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1267.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 242.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.23553719008 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94415379849 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50071023311 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.553719008264 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 360.9 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 34.0 21.2450331126 160% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 93.7517346778 49.2860985944 190% => OK
Chars per sentence: 181.0 110.228320801 164% => OK
Words per sentence: 34.5714285714 21.698381199 159% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.141769373034 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0690043665003 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0334513492912 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0796656208954 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0211009620085 0.0443174109184 48% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.5 13.3589403974 153% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.43 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.7 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.24 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 10.7273730684 168% => OK
gunning_fog: 15.6 10.498013245 149% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.2008830022 143% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.