The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water-what scientists call its salinity-has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend that is threatening the lake's health.
One option is direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake's overall health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake's salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
Both the reading and the lecture discuss the dangerous effects of increasing salinity of the Salton sea in California on Birds and fishes populations. The author argues that there are several solutions to solve the problem of increasing salt in the water. However, the professor refutes each of the solutions provided in the reading passage and claims that none of them are realistic nor practical.
The first point that the author made is that taking off the salt directly by special desalination equipment will reduce the salinity of the seawater. According to the author, over time this will reduce the salt level and maintain general health. On the other hand, The lecture casts doubts on the claim made in the reading passage by asserting that using pumps to remove the salt from the sea will be problematic because water will evaporate from the pump leaving behind dangerous chemicals like selenium. Furthermore, selenium is dangerous for animals.
Second, the author contents that diluting the seawater with the ocean water by using canals or pips. Nevertheless, the professor challenges this solution by claiming that building canals and pips could be very expensive for the government to fund it. In addition to that, these canals should be extended for long distances around 1200 Km to carry the water from the ocean to the Salton sea which is going to be very costly as well.
Finally, the reading passage confirms that erecting walls to separate the lakes into several parts to reduce the salinity of the main largest sections and also control the salt level in small rivers. On the contrary, The lecturer disputes the separate sections will be collapsed and destroyed due to frequent geological actions like earthquakes. Consequently, lake water will be mixing with ocean water and the problem of salinity will be revived again.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-28 | naziii | 88 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | shrijan | 85 | view |
| 2019-12-17 | Mazharsaeedbutt | 81 | view |
| 2019-12-17 | Mazharsaeedbutt | 81 | view |
| 2019-12-05 | fateme ozggoli | 60 | view |
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, consequently, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, well, in addition, in general, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1563.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 303.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15841584158 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17215713816 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53525931291 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.521452145215 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 476.1 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.2829487101 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.230769231 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.3076923077 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.7692307692 7.06452816374 167% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.238209999083 0.272083759551 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0811363743894 0.0996497079465 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0560646856486 0.0662205650399 85% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.137521346798 0.162205337803 85% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0311356700294 0.0443174109184 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.58 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.