Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Based on the given materials, the article as well as the lecture discusses traveling to the mars. The author states that due to some proposed problems this mission is impossible. The lecturer provides several ideas to repudiate this problem.
Intially, it is alleged in the reading that the cargo of a spaceship is limited and while a travel to the mars can takes two years it is impossible to supply enough food, water, and oxygen for the crew. However, the lecturer explains the Hydropanics technique which is cultivating plant in water so it occupies less space. Also she alludes to the fact not only that these plants release water in vapor which can be aggregated and be used but also absorb carbon dioxide, as a result astrounautes will have fresh air and water.
Second, the writer proclaims that living for too long in zero gravity, people on the mars will suffer from severe medical damages as the loose muscle and bone mass. Yet again, the speaker underscores that these problems can be solved. People on the ship can excersice to prevent muscle reduction and by consuming vitamins and calcium they can prevent the bone density lose.
The last point of contention between the listening and the reading passages is being exposed to space radiation. The author mentions that while on earth the magnetic field protect us from sun's radiations, in the space carrying an artificial shield would add too much weight. On the other hand, the lecturer explains that since sun's activity is not constant so is not the space radiations. The people in the space will not be exposed to these radiation all the time so there is no need for a big shield. They can equip the ship with a system to monitor the activities plus a small shield and when needed go to a protected area.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
- TPO-25 - Independent Writing Task 3
- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called t 73
- In the United States, it had been common practice since the late 1960s not to suppress natural forest fires. The “let it burn” policy assumed that forest fires would burn themselves out quickly, without causing much damage. However, in the summer of 1 60
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 73
- TPO 22 Integrated Writing Task 42
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 91, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[1]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'travel'.
Suggestion: travel
...rgo of a spaceship is limited and while a travel to the mars can takes two years it is i...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 116, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[2]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'take'
Suggestion: take
...ited and while a travel to the mars can takes two years it is impossible to supply en...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 324, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...ant in water so it occupies less space. Also she alludes to the fact not only that t...
^^^^
Line 13, column 437, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this radiation' or 'these radiations'?
Suggestion: this radiation; these radiations
...ple in the space will not be exposed to these radiation all the time so there is no need for a ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, second, so, well, while, as to, as a result, as well as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1478.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 309.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 4.78317152104 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1926597562 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43465947127 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.576051779935 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 455.4 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.4711787028 49.2860985944 86% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.571428571 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0714285714 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0483394505387 0.272083759551 18% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0150653787874 0.0996497079465 15% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0198599540241 0.0662205650399 30% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0271044041722 0.162205337803 17% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.00721492197411 0.0443174109184 16% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.44 12.2367328918 85% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.02 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 63.6247240618 132% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.