The reading and the lecture discuss the quackers –frog sounds- heard by Russian submarines between the 1960s and the 1980s which their causes have never been known. The author points some theories to explain what may produce these sounds. The professor brings into question the theories made in the article. He considers that those are erroneous.
First, the author comes up with the idea that the odd sounds may be caused by orcas whales during their ritual. It is mentioned that these species lived near the zone where the sounds were heard by the submarines. However, the professor argues that it is unlike that the orcas sound could be heard by the submarines because orcas whales usually lived near the surface of the ocean, so the crew could not have detected the orcas' sounds.
Second, the author states that the sounds were emitted by a giant squid –a marine invertebrate- due to the fact that although its sound had not been identified by sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater), this species could have been curious nearing the submarines and then producing the sounds. The professor rebuts this argument by pointing out that these squids have lived there for years, so it would not be possible that they had been detected by the submarines just between two decades.
Finally, the author contends that foreign submarines may produce the sounds because some of them in the time used another kind of technology which may be undetectable by sonar. The professor, on the other hand, posits that submarines could not produce the sounds because while they changed the direction their engines were really noisy. So they might need to move fastly and silently in order to not be detected by the native crew.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 240, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... explain what may produce these sounds. The professor brings into question the theo...
^^^
Line 3, column 79, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'orcas'' or 'orca's'?
Suggestion: orcas'; orca's
...ea that the odd sounds may be caused by orcas whales during their ritual. It is menti...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, may, really, second, so, then, while, kind of, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1441.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 291.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95189003436 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13022058845 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.28795279215 2.5805825403 89% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.522336769759 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 426.6 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 72.5130256498 49.2860985944 147% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.083333333 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.25 21.698381199 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.16666666667 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.48257601972 0.272083759551 177% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.163364125584 0.0996497079465 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0865191258857 0.0662205650399 131% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.294300622075 0.162205337803 181% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0517016373988 0.0443174109184 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.