This material addresses the question about the purpose of the ancient carved stone balls found in Scotland. The reading passage suggests that they were used for some social and practical purposes. The lecturer, on the other hand, refutes this information by stating that none of the forms of possible use of the stones is not convincing.
To begin with, the reading passage highlights that stone bones were used as weapons since there were special holes and grooves on their surface that were done for adjusting a cord to it; this in turn allowed to throw or otherwise to use the stones during war or hunting. Meanwhile, the professor casts doubt on this and argues that damaged stones as indications of their physical use have been found yet.
Additionally, the article posits that the stones were used as units of measure inasmuch as they all were uniform in size. However, the professor advocates a different approach and provides the following details. Namely, she mentions that unlike the size the mass of the stones is various since they are made of different stones of diverse density, and therefore they are not appropriate measure units.
Finally, the author invites attention to the fact that the stone were used to stress out the status of its holders as they were carved with designs. This goes counter to the information in the listening passage, according to which, no balls were found in the graves - a fact proving that they were not regarded as a form of possession since it was accepted at that time to bury a person with his owning.
- TPO 8 - Integrated task 3
- TOEFL T P O 2 Integrated Writing Task 52
- At universities and colleges sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support 70
- strange sounds, which were being heard by Soviet submarines' crews in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean for nearly twenty years, until the 1980s. 81
- At present young people devote less time to helping their communities. 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 106, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: uniform
...ts of measure inasmuch as they all were uniform in size. However, the professor advocates a dif...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, if, so, therefore, while, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1288.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84210526316 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43759521143 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.548872180451 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 408.6 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 61.0187676047 49.2860985944 124% => OK
Chars per sentence: 128.8 110.228320801 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.6 21.698381199 123% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.6 7.06452816374 108% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.454342987358 0.272083759551 167% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.178734257269 0.0996497079465 179% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.077573576732 0.0662205650399 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.275846372952 0.162205337803 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0440805868005 0.0443174109184 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.7 13.3589403974 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.55 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.09 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.78 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.