TPO 47
The reading passage claims that Pterosaurs were one of the winged reptiles that lived with dinosaurs were not able to fly by their flaps due to a paucity of some hallmarks and features, which are needed in order to fly by flapping wings. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and presents some evidence to refute them all.
First, the author contends that only warm-blooded reptiles were able to fly by their wings and because Pterosaurs were among cold-blooded species and slow metabolism, they did not have the ability to flap their wings. On the contrary, the lecturer brings up the idea that fossil records have shown that this reptile had dense hair like fur, which helps it stay warm during cold weather. So these hairs would probably provide an opportunity for this reptile to produce enough energy needed for fly by wings.
Furthermore, the author holds the view that these reptiles were highly large and because of heavyweight, they could not flap their wings as quickly as possible. In contrast, the professor underlines the fact that these reptiles had different anatomies. In fact, their bones were hollow and light-weight instead of solid bones, which reduce the amount of weight drastically and allowed Pterosaurs to flap their wings and fly.
Finally, as set forth by the author many birds have powerful back legs that allow them to jump and fly. So, because these reptiles were deprived of having such powerful legs they could not fly by flapping their wings. Conversely, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that there many difference between birds and these reptiles owing to the fact that these reptiles could have walked on their four limes in order to push off the ground and launch into the air.
To put it in a nutshell, the reading passage dismisses some facts that presence of them could add to the logic of the passage.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-01-21 | tg763622253 | 60 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 357, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'stays'?
Suggestion: stays
...had dense hair like fur, which helps it stay warm during cold weather. So these hair...
^^^^
Line 7, column 105, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[4]
Message: “So , because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...k legs that allow them to jump and fly. So, because these reptiles were deprived of having ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 291, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun difference seems to be countable; consider using: 'many differences'.
Suggestion: many differences
...s this issue due to the fact that there many difference between birds and these reptiles owing ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, so, in contrast, in fact, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 22.412803532 161% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1565.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 319.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 4.90595611285 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22617688928 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.33870086212 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.514106583072 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 466.2 419.366225166 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 53.8524217964 49.2860985944 109% => OK
Chars per sentence: 130.416666667 110.228320801 118% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.5833333333 21.698381199 123% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.91666666667 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.423995463736 0.272083759551 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.157043731235 0.0996497079465 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.102232104323 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.216646699614 0.162205337803 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.112285936702 0.0443174109184 253% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.55 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.49 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.85 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.