According to the reading material some paleontologists bring several arguments against powered flight of Pterosaurs. However, in the listening, the professor refutes what states in the reading passage by providing three outstanding reasons.
Firstly,in the reading, it is said that Pterosaurs are cold-blooded with a slow metabolism; so, they are unable to produce a lot of energy to fly and stay for any length of time. In contrast, the professor in the listening rejects this claim. She asserts that Pterosaurs had dense hair and fair covering. According to the fossils they were warm-blooded animals. Furthermore, they were capable to produce enough energy to fly.
Secondly, reading passage states that Pterosaurs were very heavy that they would not have been able to flap wings fast enough to fly. However, in the listening, the professor claims that Pterosaurs had unusually light weight because their bones were halo instead of solid. As a result, their low weight allowed them to keep airbone by powered flight.
Finally, the reading passage believes that birds take off from lands by jumping from their powerful legs but Pterosaurs's back leg muscles were too small and weak to be able to run fast or jump enough to launch themselves into the air. On the other hand, the professor argues that birds and Pterosaurs are not same each other. Birds use only their legs for jumping but Pterosaurs used all four leams to take off from ground. So, they were able to push off the ground and run fast to launch themselves into the air.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , in
...ng three outstanding reasons. Firstly,in the reading, it is said that Pterosaurs...
^^^
Line 5, column 213, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...or claims that Pterosaurs had unusually light weight because their bones were halo instead o...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 251, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'haloed'.
Suggestion: haloed
...y light weight because their bones were halo instead of solid. As a result, their lo...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, firstly, furthermore, however, second, secondly, so, in contrast, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1288.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.03125 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56626057901 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.56640625 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 379.8 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 48.7833611648 49.2860985944 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.0 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.2857142857 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.35714285714 7.06452816374 118% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.513075595333 0.272083759551 189% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.154069626789 0.0996497079465 155% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.10121650597 0.0662205650399 153% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.267077167949 0.162205337803 165% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.121202453238 0.0443174109184 273% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.89 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.55 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.