The reading and the lecture are both about the pterosaurs that had powered flight or not. The author of the reading believes that the pterosaurs were not powered fight creatures for several reasons. The lecturer casts doubts on the claims made in the article. She thinks that the pterosaur's were in fact able to fly by indicating various evidence from recent fossil research on pterosaurs.
First of all, the author points out the pterosaus were cold blooded replies which was similar to the modern replies. It is mentioned that cold blooded animals cannot generate energy that are needed for flying. The lecturer is challenged by this point. She says that the recent fossil study suggests that the ptersaurs had fur like hair that covered their body. Since, pterosaurs body was covered by dense hair , then these animals would be warm blooded. So, they were capable of flying swiftly.
Secondly, the author contends that the pterosaurs were quiet large and it is impossible to airborne because of heavy weight. The lecturer, rebuts this argument. She suggests that the pterosaurs had bones that were hallow and that contributed to its low weight. Hence, they were able to fly in the air.
Finally, the author states that the pterosaurs were able to take off from ground because they were not able to get the momentum for flying since their legs are not suitated. The lecturer, on the other hand posits that the pterosaurs were four limbed walking animal inorder to support their large body. Hence, they were able to use two lims to fly without any problem.
- TOEFL TPO 32 - Integrated Writing Task 75
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should require every graduating students to take public speaking courses. Give specific examples and details to support your answer. 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Because modern life is very complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 73
- TPO-32 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answe 70
- In some countries today young people are less respectful and polite to others What could be the reasons behind such behaviour What can be done about it 90
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 200, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ed fight creatures for several reasons. The lecturer casts doubts on the claims mad...
^^^
Line 3, column 410, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...terosaurs body was covered by dense hair , then these animals would be warm bloode...
^^
Line 5, column 112, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...it is impossible to airborne because of heavy weight. The lecturer, rebuts this argument. Sh...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 215, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
...that the pterosaurs had bones that were hallow and that contributed to its low weight....
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, hence, if, second, secondly, so, then, in fact, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1306.0 1373.03311258 95% => OK
No of words: 264.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94696969697 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03089032464 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.26738762364 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.534090909091 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 390.6 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.8046334649 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 76.8235294118 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.5294117647 21.698381199 72% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.88235294118 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.441989942174 0.272083759551 162% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.135381612875 0.0996497079465 136% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0782978402781 0.0662205650399 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.271660326335 0.162205337803 167% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0387434854817 0.0443174109184 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.6 13.3589403974 72% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.13 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.55 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.