The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America. There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in all of North America.
First, the history of the zebra mussel's spread suggests that the invasion might be unstoppable. It is a prime example of an invasion made possible by human transportation. From the zebra mussels original habitats in Eastern Europe, ships helped spread it out along new canals built to connect Europe’s waterways. The mussel can attach itself to a ship’ s bottom or can survive in the water - called "ballast water” - that the ship needs to take on to properly balance its cargo. By the early nineteenth century, the mussel had spread to the whole of Europe. It was later carried to the east coast of North America in the ballast water of ships traveling from Europe. The way ships have spread the zebra mussel in the past strongly suggests that the species will soon colonize all of North America.
Moreover, once zebra mussels are carried to a new habitat, they can dominate it. They are a hardy species that does well under a variety of conditions, and they have a high rate of reproduction. Most important, however, zebra mussels often have no predators in their new habitats, and species without natural predators are likely to dominate their habitats.
Finally, zebra mussels are likely to cause a decline in the overall fish population in habitats where they become dominant. The mussels are plankton eaters, which means that they compete for food w
The reading states that Zebra mussel migration by ships from Eastern Europe to North America could have affected North American's freshwater fish populations and provides three reasons of support.
The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He explains that in past Zebra had occurred serious harmful effects but now it is possible to control this species invasion and refutes each of the author's claims.
First of all, the author argues that ships are mainly responsible for the spread of Zebra mussels into North American's freshwater from Eastern Europe. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that it is true that species have spread by sips, though, but it would be possible to control now. the lecturer provides the way that carrying water by ships from Eastern then ships is not to change their water in fresh water instead of they change their water in ocean water. as a result, Zebra mussel dies because it can not tolarate saltwater.
Secondly, the Zeabra mussels population invasion would not possible to control in Northern American's fresh water because they have poweful adaptable power and there have no predator to contro species populations. The lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that it would be possible to control species population by the change of some birds' food habits.
Finally, the article posits that the Zebra mussels are responsible for the declining fish population which that places they dominated because they eat plankton and compete for food with many freshwater fish species. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that it is obvious for mussels plankton-eating decreases some fish populations but also provides some benefits like bottom living fishes.
Furthermore, the mussels ate plankton and that's way produces some fragments that actually provide some food for bottom layer fish.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 313, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...ut it would be possible to control now. the lecturer provides the way that carrying...
^^^
Line 5, column 491, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: As
...they change their water in ocean water. as a result, Zebra mussel dies because it ...
^^
Line 11, column 333, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'birds'' or 'bird's'?
Suggestion: birds'; bird's
...pecies population by the change of some birds food habits. Finally, the article ...
^^^^^
Line 15, column 267, Rule ID: OBVIOUS_FOR[1]
Message: The adjective obvious is normally used with 'to': 'obvious to mussels'.
Suggestion: obvious to mussels
...t, the lecturers position is that it is obvious for mussels plankton-eating decreases some fish pop...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 43, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...rthermore, the mussels ate plankton and thats way produces some fragments that actual...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, in contrast, as a result, first of all, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1578.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 296.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33108108108 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14784890444 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49425014459 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.513513513514 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 469.8 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.3328553602 49.2860985944 110% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.384615385 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.7692307692 21.698381199 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8461538462 7.06452816374 154% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.180923385115 0.272083759551 66% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0714381863155 0.0996497079465 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0646525754452 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.09694823957 0.162205337803 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0681024060899 0.0443174109184 154% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.1 13.3589403974 113% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.93 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.73 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.