Questions 1-11 are based on the following
passage.
This passage is excerpted from Alexander Hamilton, "Report on Manufactures," originally published in 1791.
It is not uncommon to meet with an opinion that though
the promoting manufactures may be the interest of a part
of the Union, it is to that of another part. The
Northern & Southern regions are represented as
5 having adverse interests in this respect. Those called
Manufacturing, these Agricultural states; and a species of
opposition is imagined to subsist between the Manufacturing
and Agricultural interests.
This idea of an opposition between those two interests is
10 the common error of the early periods of every country, but
experience gradually dissipates it. Indeed they are perceived
so often to succour and to befriend each other, that they come
at length to be considered as one: a supposition which has
been frequently abused and is not universally true. Particular
15 encouragements of particular manufactures may be of a
Nature to sacrifice the interests of landholders to those of
manufacturers; But it is nevertheless a maxim well
established by experience, and generally acknowledged,
where there has been sufficient experience, that the aggregate
20 prosperity of manufactures, and the aggregate prosperity of
Agriculture are intimately connected. In the Course of the
discussion which has had place, various weighty
considerations have been adduced operating in support of
that maxim. Perhaps the superior steadiness of the demand of
25 a domestic market for the surplus produce of the soil, is alone
a convincing argument of its truth.
Ideas of a contrariety of interests between the Northern
and Southern regions of the Union, are in the Main as
unfounded as they are mischievous. The diversity of
30 Circumstances on which such contrariety is usually
predicated, authorises a directly contrary conclusion. Mutual
wants constitute one of the strongest links of political
connection, and the extent of these bears a natural proportion
to the diversity in the means of mutual supply.
35 Suggestions of an opposite complexion are ever to be
deplored, as unfriendly to the steady pursuit of one great
common cause, and to the perfect harmony of all the parts.
In proportion as the mind is accustomed to trace the
intimate connexion of interest, which subsists between all the
40 parts of a Society united under the same government-the
infinite variety of channels which serve to Circulate the
prosperity of each to and through the rest-in that proportion
will it be little apt to be disturbed by solicitudes and
Apprehensions which originate in local discriminations. It is
45 a truth as important as it is agreeable, and one to which it is
not easy to imagine exceptions, that every thing tending to
establish substantial and permanent order, in the affairs of a
Country, to increase the total mass of industry and opulence,
is ultimately beneficial to every part of it. On the Credit of
50 thisgreat truth, an acquiescence may safely be accorded,
from every quarter, to all institutions & arrangements, which
promise a confirmation of public order, and an augmentation
of National Resource.
But there are more particular considerations which serve
55 to fortify the idea, that the encouragement of manufactures is
the interest of all parts of the Union. If the Northern and
middle states should be the principal scenes of such
establishments, they would immediately benefit the more
Southern, by creating a demand for productions; some of
60 which they have in common with the other states, and others
of which are either peculiar to them, or more abundant, or of
better quality, than elsewhere. These productions, principally
are Timber, flax, Hemp, Cotton, Wool, raw silk, Indigo, iron,
lead, furs, hides, skins and coals. Of these articles Cotton &
65 Indigo are peculiar to the Southern states; as are hitherto
Lead & Coal. Flax and Hemp are or may be raised in greater
abundance there, than in the More Northern states; and the
Wool of Virginia is said to be of better quality than that of
any other state: a Circumstance rendered the more probable
70 by the reflection that Virginia embraces the same latitudes
with the finest Wool Countries of Europe. The Climate of the
South is also better adapted to the production of silk.
The extensive cultivation of Cotton can perhaps hardly be
expected, but from the previous establishment of domestic
75 Manufactories of the Article; and the surest encouragement
and vent, for the others, would result from similar
establishments in respect to them.