01 August 2021
For months, China has been increasing restrictions on private companies operating in the country. Here are the industries facing new measures:
Education
In education, measures began on Saturday barring private, for-profit tutoring companies from raising investments outside the country.
The new rules also said tutoring centers must operate as non-profit organizations. They also cannot offer subjects already taught in public day schools or hold classes on weekends or holidays.
China's competitive higher education system has made tutoring services very popular with parents. Private tutoring is a $120 billion industry in the country and includes several companies based overseas. But to increase the nation's slow birthrate, the government has been trying to lower the cost of raising children.
Online finance
In November, China's banking regulators put out draft rules calling for stronger controls for online lending. The company Ant Group is a major lender. Ant Group is a part of the larger Alibaba Group, a Chinese company specializing in technology, finance and online product sales.
The rules set limits for online loans between provinces and put a limit on loan amounts for individuals.
In April, the regulator demanded that Ant Group separate its payment business from its personal finance business.
Online commerce
Regulators have also cracked down on traditional online commerce, or product sales.
In April, the State Administration of Market Regulation fined Alibaba Group $2.75 billion. It was the company's highest fine yet. The regulator says Alibaba had been preventing its product sellers from selling their goods on other websites.
The regulator has also fined smaller companies for their practices related to consumer rights and labor.
In May, it fined the company JD.com 300,000 yuan for publishing false information about its food products. JD.com is a major competitor of Alibaba.
This week, the regulator ordered China's food drop-off companies to provide better protection for workers.
Ride sharing
In June, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or CAC, told top ride-sharing company Didi Chuxing to stop taking new users.
At first, the regulator named violations of consumer privacy as a reason for barring new riders. Later it put out separate draft rules for other Chinese companies to run a security check before listing stocks overseas.
A CAC investigation led to a fine of 500,000 yuan for Didi and other companies for not reporting their takeovers of smaller companies.
Bitcoin
In May, three financial regulators widened rules on China's cryptocurrency industry. They barred banks and online payment companies from use of cryptocurrency for payment or legal settlement.
They also barred companies from providing exchange services between cryptocurrencies and national moneys, among other rules.
In the following weeks came measures from provincial governments to prevent bitcoin mining.
Those measures caused a series of mining closures around the country. Chinese newspaper Global Times predicts that 90 percent of mining operations will soon close.
Property
On Friday, China's housing ministry and seven other regulators told the property management industry to "improve order."
China's economy has improved after a drop in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Officials have increased efforts to stop real estate companies from borrowing too much money this year.
Other regulatory measures include borrowing limits for property developers and limits on property loans from banks.
What's next?
So, what might come next?
Some experts say the gaming industry is next to face tough regulations. China's central government has continued to express concern about gaming addiction among young people.
The government will likely target the many games being published without official permissions, or ones that misuse user information. That prediction comes from Rich Bishop. He is a chief executive of the Beijing-based app publisher AppInChina.
In healthcare, last month the State Council urged a reduction in medicine prices for 2021. It also demanded changes to the country's complex healthcare system.
I'm Alice Bryant.
Reuters news agency reported this story. Alice Bryant adapted it for Learning English. Susan Shand was the editor.
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Words in This Story
tutoring – n. the act of teaching a single student
draft – n. a version of something (such as a document) that you make before you make the final version
province – n. any one of the large parts that some countries are divided into
fine – v. to make someone pay an amount of money as punishment for breaking the law
consumer – n. a person who buys goods and services
cyberspace – n. the online world of computer networks and the Internet
stock – n. a share of the value of a company which can be bought, sold, or traded as an investment
cryptocurrency – n. a form of digital money that is not regulated by a central bank and whose records are stored in an encrypted computer database
bitcoin mining – n. the process of creating new bitcoin by solving a complex mathematical puzzle
real estate – n. property consisting of buildings and land
addiction – n. a strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as a drug) or do something (such as gamble)
app – n. a computer program that performs a special function