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15 November, 2012
From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report in Special English.
Ethiopia is one of the last countries in Africa to permit mobile banking.
Mobile banking has proved to be profitable in the developing world, where many people still do not use banks. Earlier this year, the World Bank reported that seventy-five percent of the world's poor are "unbanked." That is about two point five billion people. Banking through mobile telephones lets people take part in financial services even if they are not near a bank office.
In Africa, only Ethiopia and Zimbabwe do not provide mobile money services. Now, that will change for Ethiopia.
BelCash and M-Birr are mobile banking technology providers. They have been setting up mobile banking and mobile money services in Ethiopia for the past three years.
Dutch company BelCash is working in partnership with banks to provide easier access to financing through bank accounts. Ireland-based M-Birr is a mobile money service that works with micro finance groups where no registration at a bank is needed.
Ethiopia's mobile industry is young. And wireless service coverage in the country is not well developed. The pressure on the wireless network is expected to increase.
In the past four years, the number of mobile users grew from three to seventeen million. And Ethiopia's telecommunications provider, Ethio Telecom, expects that number to grow to forty million in the next three years.
The government closely controls Ethiopia's telecommunications market. That means there is only one provider. Competition is not permitted.
M-Birr General Manager Thierry Artaud says Ethiopia's neighbors have several mobile providers.
"If you look at your neighbors, Kenya, Tanzania Uganda, they all have multiple mobile operators and they all have mobile money services and even multiple mobile money services."
He says, if Ethiopia had no restrictions, his company would have to compete with larger companies.
Ethiopia has looked at other developing countries with mobile banking. National Bank of Ethiopia officials visited Kenya, Pakistan and Brazil.
Frezer Ayalew is with the National Bank of Ethiopia. He says mobile banking services will help the country.
"For the economy it has great contribution in terms of mobilizing domestic savings with these services."
The National Bank of Ethiopia recently finished a draft order on how mobile banking services should be structured. This comes as more companies have shown interest in starting mobile banking services.
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