31 March, 2019
New research has found that a major Greenland glacier that was once one of the fastest shrinking on Earth is now growing again.
Scientists from the American space agency NASA recently reported their findings about the Jakobshavn glacier, which sits off the island's west coast.
NASA said Jakobshavn had been Greenland's fastest-flowing and fastest-thinning glacier for the past 20 years. During that time, it was the single largest source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Because of the glacier's size and activity, researchers have used it to help predict world sea level rise. Scientists from NASA and other organizations have been observing Jakobshavn for many years.
Researchers involved in the study say that, since 2016, the glacier has experienced major thickening. It is also flowing more slowly and moving toward the ocean, instead of retreating inland. They say cooling waters in the North Atlantic Ocean have caused the changes in the glacier's activity. The cooler waters reached western Greenland's Disko Bay.
NASA says water temperatures in areas around the glacier are currently colder than at any time since the mid-1980s. The research is based on information collected from NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland or OMG mission and other observations.
Ala Khazendar is a glacier scientist with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. He helped lead the study.
"At first we didn't believe it," Khazendar said. "We had pretty much assumed that Jakobshavn would just keep going on as it had over the last 20 years."
The research team has recorded cooling water near Jakobshavn for three years in a row.
Jason Box is an ice and climate scientist with the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. He was not part of the study. He told the Associated Press the new discovery about Jakobshavn was surprising because it had been moving in the other direction for so long.
Box said, "The good news is that it's a reminder that it's not necessarily going that fast."
"But it is going," he added.
A statement by NASA confirmed that, even with Jakobshavn's new growth, it "is still adding to global sea level rise." Scientists say this is because the glacier continues to lose more ice to the ocean than it gains from snowfall. The sea level rise is just happening at a slower rate.
Researchers involved in the study as well as other scientists believe Jakobshavn is experiencing only short-term changes.
The main reason they think this is because the cold water affecting the glacier was set in motion by a climate system called the North Atlantic Oscillation. This causes a natural, temporary cooling and warming of different parts of the ocean.
The system is similar to El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño develops when winds off the coast of South America weaken. This enables warm water in the western Pacific to move eastward.
The study identified a recent period that resulted in a "cooling of the Atlantic in general." In addition, extra cooling happened in 2016 in the waters along Greenland's southwest coast, it said. The cooler waters flowed up the coast and reached Jakobshavn.
Josh Willis is a lead investigator with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He said the latest research clearly shows that Jakobshavn "is getting a temporary break" from a long-held climate pattern. But he warns that a great amount of existing research provides evidence that the world's oceans are increasingly warming.
"And seeing the oceans have such a huge impact on the glaciers is bad news for Greenland's Ice Sheet," he said.
I'm Bryan Lynn.
Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Ashley Thompson was the editor.
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Words in This Story
glacier – n. very large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley or over a wide area of land
retreat – v. go away from one place to another
assume – v. think that something might be or is likely to be true, but without actual proof
reminder – n. thing that causes someone to remember something
temporary – adj. happening only for a short or limited time
pattern – n. a particular way something is repeated
impact – n. the effect something has on something else