05 October, 2015
The first of the 2015 Nobel Prizes has been announced. Sweden's Nobel Prize committee says the Nobel Prize for medicine will go to scientists from Ireland, Japan and China.
William Campbell from Ireland and Satoshi Omura from Japan share the prize for their discovery of the drug avermectin. The Nobel committee praised their work on what it calls a "novel therapy." The treatment fights infections caused by roundworm parasites.
The prize for medicine is also going to Chinese researcher Tu Youyou. She discovered artemisinin. Artemisinin is a drug that has sharply lowered the number of people who die from malaria.
The committee said the discoveries have given the world powerful news ways to fight two powerful diseases. It said those diseases affect hundreds of millions of people every year. The committee added that, "The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable."
Ms. Tu is the chief professor at the China Academy of Traditional Medicine. She is also the first Chinese citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. Mr. Campbell currently works as a research fellow emeritus at Drew University in New Jersey. Mr. Omura has two doctorate degrees -- one in pharmaceutical sciences, the other in chemistry. He is professor emeritus at Kitasato University in Japan.
Doctors are now using avermectin to treat river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. Mr. Omura told the Associated Press that the drug resulted from a substance taken from a microbe found on a golf course near Tokyo. The researcher said he always carries a plastic bag so he can collect soil samples.
When asked if he likes to play golf, he smiled and said, "yes."
A member of the Nobel committee, also spoke with the AP. This member said that the award for Tu Youyou is the result of a major change in the way China performs scientific research. He says China has invested a lot of money in such research.
This member adds that the work of the three scientists could help end the health risk of diseases affecting 3.4 billion people.
I'm Anna Matteo.
VOA's Fern Robinson reported this story from Washington. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
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Words in This Story
novel – adj. new and different from what has been known before
parasite – n. an animal or plant that lives in or on another animal or plant and gets food or protection from it
emeritus – n. one retired from professional life but permitted to retain as an honorary title the rank of the last office held
doctorate degree – n. the highest award given by a university on completion of a study program
golf course – n. a large area of land set up for the game of golf
bag – n. a container made of thin material (such as paper, plastic, or cloth) that opens at the top and is used for holding or carrying things