the possibility of flying the ancient pterosaurs
The passage and the talk both discuss the possibility of flying by the ancient pterosaurs. The writer contends that it is unlikely that those huge birds were able to fly. The lecturer, however, refutes the author's assessments. She demonstrates three reasons to cast doubt on the claims made in the reading.
The first allegation of the script against which the orator argues is that these ancient birds were cold blooded, therefore they were unable to make enough energy to have powered flight. In contrast, the professor highlights the fact that these animals had some features that shows they could be warm-blooded and were capable of producing the energy. For instance, they had hair cover on their body like fur, while the cold-blooded creatures do not possess.
Second, according to the passage pterosaurs were significantly huge and heavy so much so that they could not flap their wings fast enought to maintain themseleves in the air; although the speaker finds this idea debatable. She bolsters her opinion by stating that there is some evidences which suggest that pterosaurs were unsually light by regarding their size. For example, their bones had hollow structure and therefore its density was low, which results in light weight for this bird.
Lastly, the lecture contradicts this fallacy of the passage that pterosaurs were not able to take off from land because of their weak back leg muscles, saying that today's birds only use their two limbs, while pterosaurs were able to use four limbs. What is more, by using their all four limbs, these birds were able to run fast enough and jump to initiate their flight.
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- possibility of flying the ancient pterosaurs. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage. 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 172, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...that those huge birds were able to fly. The lecturer, however, refutes the authors ...
^^^
Line 3, column 264, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are some evidences'?
Suggestion: there are some evidences
...he bolsters her opinion by stating that there is some evidences which suggest that pterosaurs were unsu...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 461, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...e its density was low, which results in light weight for this bird. Lastly, the lecture con...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, lastly, regarding, second, so, therefore, while, for example, for instance, in contrast, what is more
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 22.412803532 152% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1361.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 271.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0221402214 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.05734859645 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4176360323 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.586715867159 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 404.1 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.4432086693 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.416666667 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.5833333333 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.0833333333 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.133550741603 0.272083759551 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0525173601969 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101770009063 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0809131983766 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0561445166497 0.0443174109184 127% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.57 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.