The reading and the lecture are both about a Sinosauropteryx's fossil, which has a particular pattern of fine lines on his skeleton. The author of the reading claims that this pattern of lines is not the remains of feathers, whereas the lecturer believes that these lines are a strong evidence that the Sinosauropteryx had feathers.
First of all, the author contends that the lines could even not be a functional structure of a living dinosaur, but rather a structure formed later stage. Furthermore, he thinks that the lines could also be the residual fiber from skin decomposition. The lecturer debuts this claims using the example of other fossils discovered in the same area, which have no evidence of skin decomposition, so the theory of fiber is likely wrong.
Second, the author argues that not even the scientists have identified precisely if this was a real structure belonged to the dinosaur. He thinks that it might be an ornamental structure such as frills. The lecturer, on the other hand, excludes that it can be frills, mentioning that chemical analysis has shown the presence of Beta-carotene, which is normally present only in feathers and not in frills.
Finally, the lecturer points out that the feathers have not only a function to regulate the internal temperature or assist the animal flying, but often feathers are used to attracting mates and for displays, then the position over the spine bone and tail could be the remains of feather used for mating.
- TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: the 88
- TPO-34 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site.U 73
- TPO-42 - Independent Writing Task Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- TPO-34 - Integrated Writing Task A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see 76
- TPO-34 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site.U 73
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, if, second, so, then, whereas, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1239.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 247.0 270.72406181 91% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01619433198 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96437052324 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79946560161 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.546558704453 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 384.3 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 65.477354487 49.2860985944 133% => OK
Chars per sentence: 137.666666667 110.228320801 125% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.4444444444 21.698381199 126% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.3333333333 7.06452816374 175% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.39671371709 0.272083759551 146% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.156209464133 0.0996497079465 157% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.080849848555 0.0662205650399 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.213164364239 0.162205337803 131% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0701899446429 0.0443174109184 158% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.9 13.3589403974 119% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.88 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.