Both the lecture and the listening attempt to give an explanation about how humpback whales are able to migrate for long distance for feeding and mating purposes. The lecturer thinks that the explanations given by the reading are not convincing as explained by the followings.
First, the reading suggests that the high degree of brain complexity of these mammals makes them able to use stars to navigate by, but the lecturer points out that this thesis is not convincing. He notes that in nature exist other medium-intelligent animals such as some birds that have the ability to migrate and orientate similarly to humpback whales, therefore he states that migration is more related with a born instinct than intelligence.
Second, the lecturer believes that there may be another explanation, he rebuts that most likely humpback whales orientate themselves thanks to a particular organ, the magnetite, which makes these animals sensitive to the earth magnetic field, therefore they use it to orientate during long-distance migration. This contrasts the theory made in the reading that whales use stars for orientation.
Third, the lecturer excludes that the behavior of spy-hopping is used by humpback whales to emerge and look at the night sky for orientation. He rebuts by saying that this behavior has also been observed in sharks, and it is known that sharks do not migrate but they use spy-hopping to identify their preys, in addition, spy-hopping has been observed in humpback whales even during the day when the stars are not visible. According to these observations, the lecturer contends that the spy-hopping argument made in the reading is pure speculation.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, look, may, second, similarly, so, therefore, third, in addition, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1415.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 268.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27985074627 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04607285448 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.87350017054 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.544776119403 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 436.5 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 74.4087808438 49.2860985944 151% => OK
Chars per sentence: 157.222222222 110.228320801 143% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.7777777778 21.698381199 137% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4444444444 7.06452816374 148% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.429861938414 0.272083759551 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.174704955988 0.0996497079465 175% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.104842432833 0.0662205650399 158% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.253976105231 0.162205337803 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0396091868354 0.0443174109184 89% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.3 13.3589403974 137% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 42.04 53.8541721854 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 11.0289183223 132% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.94 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.96 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.