TPO 29- Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, Arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
The reading and lecture are both about discovery of dinosaur fossils on Alaska's Northern Slope. The author of the reading believes that the Edmontosaurus survived the winter by migrating to south which is more hospitable. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in article and refutes all the theories presented.
First of all, the author points out that migration hypothesis supports the diet of the edmontosaur. The article notes that edmontosaur migrated to a warmer climate to find food. The point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that they did not migrate to find food. Furthermore, she argues that during summer temperature are warmer than today, the sun shine for 24 hours in summer and has extensive daylight which can increase the vegetation, thus, when vegetation died the soil will become well nourished and edmontosaur can live on dead plants.
Secondly, the author contends that the remains of the dinosaurs were seen from the same location. The article establishes that edmontosaur lived in flocks and it supports the migration hypothesis. However, the lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that they live with their herds to provide extra protection from predators. Moreover, she elaborates on this by mentioning the example of Roosevelt elk, a type of large plant eater which lives with herds in Western United States but they did not migrate.
Finally, the author states that the elephant sized dinosaur were able to travel long distance. The article denotes that they can travel at 1600km southward and can run fast with the speed of 45kph. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that the adult dinosaurs were capable of travelling long distance but the young dinosaur are not well equipped physically. She puts forth the idea that juvenile dinosaur slow the herd down, can't reach the destination and the adult edmontosaur cannot leave their baby dinosaur behind, so migration hypothesis is not possible.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-02 | Bonjourkmm | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | p0uya | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | mahan vahab kashi | 3 | view |
- TPO 40 Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible. 73
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- TPO-06 - Independent Writing TaskDo you agree or disagree with the following statement?Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- TPO 27- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?If people have the opportunity to get a secure job, they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that would be more satisfying.Use specific reasons and examples to support your ans 70
- TPO 12- Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long tim 66
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 392, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...tes on this by mentioning the example of Roosevelt elk, a type of large plant eat...
^^
Line 7, column 429, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...t juvenile dinosaur slow the herd down, cant reach the destination and the adult edm...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, however, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, well, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1647.0 1373.03311258 120% => OK
No of words: 316.0 270.72406181 117% => OK
Chars per words: 5.21202531646 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.21620550194 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58490458115 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 180.0 145.348785872 124% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.569620253165 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 496.8 419.366225166 118% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 14.0 8.23620309051 170% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 59.6146796905 49.2860985944 121% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.8823529412 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5882352941 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.94117647059 7.06452816374 98% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.314291446812 0.272083759551 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.100593003759 0.0996497079465 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0725239900474 0.0662205650399 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.179054249177 0.162205337803 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0384953574714 0.0443174109184 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.58 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 81.0 63.6247240618 127% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.