Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth’s magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
In the reading, the author discusses the three problems which are still difficult for scientists when they plan to send people on Mars. However, the speaker refutes these three problems that they have all been solved.
First, the astronauts could use the hydrating method to solve the problem of supplement. Although the article claims that the basic materials which supply human to live will be a problem in the long spacing traveling, the lecture points out that there has already existed the technology to make the astronauts can cultivate the raw materials of the food, and gain the water and new, fresh oxygen. This technology could use the circle of the H in the living system to produce the necessary in the space without occupying the heavy load.
Second, for a long time of work in the space, people can take exercises to prevent the muscle and bone density losing. According to the reading passage, the zero-gravity environment will make some negative effects on the human body in a long period of time. But the lecturer mentions that this losing is already proven that it can be avoided by a certain degree of exercise. Therefore, it seems no more a question.
Lastly, astronauts could use a piece of specific, small equipment to protect them evading the hurt from radiation. In the content of the reading, avoiding the damage from the radiation is a problem to astronauts because, in the space, there is no magnetic field to filter the sunlight, and constructing a huge shield will be an unrealistic plan. Nevertheless, the speaker contends that to circumvent the radiation is no need to build a large shield for the spaceship. Radiation from the sun is not always so strong in the interplanetary. Astronauts only require a small, sturdy and light shield to hide in when every time the injurious radiation coming.
- The following appeared in an editorial in a local newspaper.“Commuters complain that increased rush-hour traffic on Blue Highway between the suburbs and the city center has doubled their commuting time. The favored proposal of the motorists' lobby 59
- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic an 80
- Did bees a type of insect exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200-million-year-old fossilized trees in t 80
- The following appeared in a magazine article about planning for retirement."Clearview should be a top choice for anyone seeking a place to retire, because it has spectacular natural beauty and a consistent climate. Another advantage is that housing costs 66
- Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and suppo 66
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 243, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...ive effects on the human body in a long period of time. But the lecturer mentions that this lo...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, lastly, nevertheless, second, so, still, therefore
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1525.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 310.0 270.72406181 115% => OK
Chars per words: 4.91935483871 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.19604776685 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6619080417 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 172.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.554838709677 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 466.2 419.366225166 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 64.6652684118 49.2860985944 131% => OK
Chars per sentence: 108.928571429 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.1428571429 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.35714285714 7.06452816374 76% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 4.45695364238 247% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0889086787313 0.272083759551 33% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0273551680828 0.0996497079465 27% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0366969297545 0.0662205650399 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.058168934749 0.162205337803 36% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0380049137493 0.0443174109184 86% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.26 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.