In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The author argues that prunty should undertake the same road improvement project that butler completed five years ago. Although this argument may seem sound at first, the lack of evidence leads to question the validity of the argument.
first, the author needs to provide evidence that the failure of the safety effort last year yielded the constant rate of accidents in prunty. since the speed limit was lowered last year, it is possible that many people ae not aware of the changes. thus, teh results of lowering the speed limit should be viewed in the long run in prunty. Even if people are aware of the changes, it is plausible that accidents did not decrease due to adverse weather conditions, not dut to the failure of the safety effort. Then, lowering the speed limit may actually be effective.
Furthermore, the author needs to supplement the argument with concrete evidence that initial conditions of the past year and five years ago are similar in butler to prove that a decrease in aciidents is significant and indicates an absence of problems. it is likely that there were fewer reported accidents this past year since there were fewer cars on the road and less traffic. On the other hand, five years age there may have beed a plethora of cars with more risk-taking drivers.
In addition, if the initial number of accidents is negligible, 25% may not be a substantial decrease in accidents. The 55mph speed limit might still be a problem because it did not significantly influence decreased accidents. Lastly, specific evidence on the inherent conditions of butler and prunty is needed for the soundness of the conclusion. The author adamantly believes that prunty shoud rashly follow butler by increasing lane widths and resurfacing rough highways. However, in all likelihood, the roads in prunty are already wide. thus, there is no need to make them wider. it also likely that butler has very rough roads, whereas prunty's roads are fairly smooth. this would indicate that prunty would not need to follow butler and resurface their roads.
In brief, the author's argument is not sound in many respects. To strengthen the argument, he needs to reconsider the possibilities that could have influenced the accident rate.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 372 350
No. of Characters: 1817 1500
No. of Different Words: 181 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.392 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.884 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.479 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 130 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 92 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 70 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 36 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.571 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 17.41 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.786 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.338 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.609 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.104 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: New
new roman';color:#333333;background:wh...
^^^
Line 1, column 290, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: First
... question the validity of the argument. first, the author needs to provide evidence t...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 432, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Since
...e constant rate of accidents in prunty. since the speed limit was lowered last year, ...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 538, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...any people ae not aware of the changes. thus, teh results of lowering the speed limi...
^^^^
Line 1, column 1108, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...t and indicates an absence of problems. it is likely that there were fewer reporte...
^^
Line 1, column 1879, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
..., the roads in prunty are already wide. thus, there is no need to make them wider. i...
^^^^
Line 1, column 1922, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...s, there is no need to make them wider. it also likely that butler has very rough ...
^^
Line 1, column 2012, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...hereas pruntys roads are fairly smooth. this would indicate that prunty would not ne...
^^^^
Line 1, column 2117, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nd resurface their roads. In brief, the authors argument is not sound in many respects....
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, lastly, may, so, still, then, thus, whereas, in addition, in brief, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.9520958084 93% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 55.5748502994 83% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1980.0 2260.96107784 88% => OK
No of words: 376.0 441.139720559 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.26595744681 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.40348946061 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 4.20656915827 2.78398813304 151% => OK
Unique words: 193.0 204.123752495 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.51329787234 0.468620217663 110% => OK
syllable_count: 605.7 705.55239521 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 19.7664670659 101% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 48.8493602824 57.8364921388 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.0 119.503703932 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.8 23.324526521 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.95 5.70786347227 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 1.0 5.15768463074 19% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 9.0 5.25449101796 171% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 8.20758483034 37% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.160086677758 0.218282227539 73% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0505795463721 0.0743258471296 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.033760220058 0.0701772020484 48% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.160086677758 0.128457276422 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0628817314937 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 14.3799401198 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 48.3550499002 110% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.5979740519 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 98.500998004 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Minimum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.