The following appeared in a memorandum from the planning department of an electric power company.
"Several recent surveys indicate that home owners are increasingly eager to conserve energy. At the same time, manufacturers are now marketing many home appliances, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, that are almost twice as energy efficient as those sold a decade ago. Also, new technologies for better home insulation and passive solar heating are readily available to reduce the energy needed for home heating. Therefore, the total demand for electricity in our area will not increase—and may decline slightly. Since our three electric generating plants in operation for the past twenty years have always met our needs, construction of new generating plants will not be necessary."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The writer of the argument concludes that, regard to the rate of energy consumption that will be reduced because of people eagerness to save energy and new technologies and appliances that are more efficient, it will not be necessary to construct new generating plants; however this conclusion cannot be accepted as it is based on a number of erroneous premises all of which can be challenged in one way or another.
The first problem with the argument is that the writer refers to some studies but does not indicate how many studies or how many people took part in those studies mentioned. one of the most vital characteristics of studies and researches is about their sampling; greater number of participants has direct impact on the validity and authenticity of studies. Maybe only 5 people participated in each of these studies, so the outcomes of the studies are neither valid nor trustworthy. Another problem that can be considered as an important one is about the fact of generalization, in order to be practical, results of a research should have the ability to apply to the whole people of a society in different terms, such as age, sex, culture and etc. however, there is no evidence to show the validity of the sample and sampling methods used in these studies.
Another problem of this argument that deserves attention is the writer’s flawed assumption about the condition of twenty years ago and the following years in future, as it is clear for all of us, the population of every nations and societies will increases during a year or at least it can be said that it will not decrease naturally so we cannot conclude that the demand for energy will not enhance and it is not essential to build new generating plants. Or maybe by improving the level of technologies and augmenting its number increase the demand for energy. So there is no vivid evidence to completely prove the conclusion of the writer about new generating plants.
A third problem with the argument is that the writer assumes that people just utilize electricity for heating and cooling, but nowadays, there are lots of new devices that need electricity, such as personal computers, laptops, macro waves, dishwashers and so on, and by developing technology the number of these devices increase spontaneously so not only the need for electricity will not diminish, but also will it more than before. The writer also mentioned manufacturers that try to produce more efficient appliances, that increasing rate of the number of manufacturers and firms also depend on this energy. And it is undeniable that these companies need more energy than before.
In the final analysis, the writer’s conclusion cannot be taken to be correct because, as it was shown in the body paragraphs above, it depends on a number of assumptions each of which is questionable. The conclusion can only be accepted if the weaknesses already referred to are all removed.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-30 | stevewang1007 | 55 | view |
| 2019-12-21 | Daffodilia | 81 | view |
| 2019-11-17 | samira@ | 59 | view |
| 2019-10-28 | Pirateking | 63 | view |
| 2019-09-11 | vijaykaushik132 | 16 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 12 15
No. of Words: 493 350
No. of Characters: 2386 1500
No. of Different Words: 221 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.712 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.84 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.782 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 174 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 131 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 90 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 62 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 41.083 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 25.158 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.75 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.375 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.66 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.103 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... be challenged in one way or another. The first problem with the argument is t...
^^^^
Line 3, column 179, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: One
...e took part in those studies mentioned. one of the most vital characteristics of st...
^^^
Line 3, column 743, Rule ID: AND_ETC[1]
Message: Use simply 'etc.'.
Suggestion: etc.
...ferent terms, such as age, sex, culture and etc. however, there is no evidence to show t...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...mpling methods used in these studies. Another problem of this argument that de...
^^^^
Line 5, column 165, Rule ID: IN_PAST[1]
Message: Did you mean: 'in the future'?
Suggestion: in the future
...wenty years ago and the following years in future, as it is clear for all of us, the popu...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 257, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'will' requires the base form of the verb: 'increase'
Suggestion: increase
...ion of every nations and societies will increases during a year or at least it can be sai...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e writer about new generating plants. A third problem with the argument is tha...
^^^^
Line 7, column 688, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...companies need more energy than before. In the final analysis, the writer&ap...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, so, then, third, at least, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 27.0 19.6327345309 138% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 18.0 12.9520958084 139% => OK
Conjunction : 23.0 11.1786427146 206% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 16.0 13.6137724551 118% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 67.0 55.5748502994 121% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2449.0 2260.96107784 108% => OK
No of words: 493.0 441.139720559 112% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96754563895 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.71206996034 4.56307096286 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.89261867852 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 227.0 204.123752495 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.460446247465 0.468620217663 98% => OK
syllable_count: 792.0 705.55239521 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 5.0 1.67365269461 299% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 35.0 22.8473053892 153% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 129.175110543 57.8364921388 223% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 174.928571429 119.503703932 146% => OK
Words per sentence: 35.2142857143 23.324526521 151% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 5.70786347227 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.67664670659 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0579333328742 0.218282227539 27% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0210879871392 0.0743258471296 28% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0269199006135 0.0701772020484 38% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0301982186006 0.128457276422 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0227469460449 0.0628817314937 36% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 19.6 14.3799401198 136% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 35.95 48.3550499002 74% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 16.9 12.197005988 139% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.14 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.06 8.32208582834 109% => OK
difficult_words: 115.0 98.500998004 117% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 27.0 12.3882235529 218% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 16.0 11.1389221557 144% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 16.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.