Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading and the lecture are about possibility of a human presence on venus, which is a rock planet with extreme conditions. The author of the reading believes there are three reasons that it is impossible. The lecturer challenges the statements made by the author. he is of the opinion that floating 50 kilometer above the surface of the planet would make it possible for a human presence.
First of all, the author suggests that atmospheric pressure of venus is 90 times that of earth. it is mentioned that any spacecrafts, not to mention humans, could be crushed by this high pressure. The argument is refuted by the lecturer. he says pressure is dependent on altitude, meaning higher the altitude less the pressure. Furthermore, he argues that a station high above of 50 kilometer feels same pressure as earth's.
Secondly, the article posits that there is no water and oxygen on venus. The article notes there are mostly carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid, and because of this transporting water from earth to venus is futile and not meaningful. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asserting that even though there is no water and oxygen, we can make water from obtaining other elements. he elaborates on this by mentioning that carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid make it possible because there is already a technology that produce water from these elements.
Finally, it is stated that sunlight cannot reaches venus's surface. The author establishes that thick cloud reflects most of the sunlight and carbon dioxide layers block even more light. As a result, it would be impossible to use solar power cells and cannot power the equipments. The lecturer, on the other hand, opposes that cloud above that thick cloud is thin, and so it is possible to get sunlight. he puts forth the idea that even the reflected lights from the thick cloud below would act as light source to get electricity.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-09 | mahan vahab kashi | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 211, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...re three reasons that it is impossible. The lecturer challenges the statements made...
^^^
Line 1, column 270, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...nges the statements made by the author. he is of the opinion that floating 50 kilo...
^^
Line 1, column 308, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'kilometer' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'kilometers'.
Suggestion: kilometers
.... he is of the opinion that floating 50 kilometer above the surface of the planet would m...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 97, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ure of venus is 90 times that of earth. it is mentioned that any spacecrafts, not ...
^^
Line 3, column 239, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...he argument is refuted by the lecturer. he says pressure is dependent on altitude,...
^^
Line 3, column 384, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'kilometer' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'kilometers'.
Suggestion: kilometers
... argues that a station high above of 50 kilometer feels same pressure as earths. Secon...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 376, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...ke water from obtaining other elements. he elaborates on this by mentioning that c...
^^
Line 7, column 404, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
... and so it is possible to get sunlight. he puts forth the idea that even the refle...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, however, second, secondly, so, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1580.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 321.0 270.72406181 119% => OK
Chars per words: 4.92211838006 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23278547379 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56285395938 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504672897196 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 498.6 419.366225166 119% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 33.4097272743 49.2860985944 68% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.7777777778 110.228320801 80% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.8333333333 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.05555555556 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.168904275612 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.047783752554 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0533477945046 0.0662205650399 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0956641960062 0.162205337803 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0647534391959 0.0443174109184 146% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.7 13.3589403974 80% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.96 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.37 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.