tpo33
Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of |locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about what is the meaning and propose of unique neolithic relic which was found in Scotland. The author strongly postulates that there are several explanations of this. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delineates that none of the author's theories is plausible.
First and foremost, according to professor in the lecture, this neolithic artefact could not match with other discoveries' signs such as arrows. To be more specific, the others were mostly used as wearing not holding and most of them were cracked. However, in this carved stone balls, there was no indication of fractures and they had indeed well-preserved for centuries. Nonetheless, the author offsets these points by declaring that these balls might have used as weapons, especially in hunting and attacking to others. Furthermore, these balls also allowed the people to swing it around and throw it.
On top of this, the lecturer further asserts that the carved stone balls contained several different types of stones and rocks. that means these different ingredients represented a variety of weight and even some of them were quite heavier than others. Hence, there was no possibility it was used as a standard measurement. These claims refute the writer's implications about these stone balls might have used as a uniform measurement in neolithic period because they were carved almost as exactly as 70 mm in diameter. Therefore, there was a high chance to use them as primitive people's every day balancer of weight.
Lastly, the speaker in the lecture suggests that if these balls had used as social purpose such as in religious or crucial events, they also could have been found from graves of aristocratic people. Since ancient people believed that if someone died, they had to put something meaningful things in their tomb. however, there were no balls found in the tombs. Nevertheless, the article counters these indications by insisting that these stone balls might have used as social purpose because it had very intricate forms.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11-05 | alta | 80 | view |
| 2019-10-20 | Seema Modak | 75 | view |
| 2019-09-23 | Mahimoon | 75 | view |
| 2019-03-25 | moath322 | 80 | view |
| 2018-11-30 | toeflbeginner | 68 | view |
- TPO 30. THE BURNING MIRROR 83
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- TOEFL integrated writing: work a four-day week. 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 84, Rule ID: NUMEROUS_DIFFERENT[1]
Message: Use simply 'several'.
Suggestion: several
...s that the carved stone balls contained several different types of stones and rocks. that means t...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 129, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: That
...al different types of stones and rocks. that means these different ingredients repre...
^^^^
Line 7, column 311, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ething meaningful things in their tomb. however, there were no balls found in the tombs...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, lastly, nevertheless, nonetheless, so, therefore, well, even so, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1745.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 335.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.20895522388 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.27820116611 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64403480059 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 188.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.561194029851 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 537.3 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.5563387031 49.2860985944 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.647058824 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.7058823529 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.05882352941 7.06452816374 114% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.43545422844 0.272083759551 160% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127200941993 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0849056747087 0.0662205650399 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.253908355149 0.162205337803 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.106933214906 0.0443174109184 241% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.82 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 90.0 63.6247240618 141% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.