Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree's decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears' diet. Although the bears' clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
In the lecture,the lecturer casts doubths on the three points provided in the reading passage that says that the reasons of the declination of the tree yellow ceder.The lecturer asserts that none of them provide the satisfactory reason.
Firstly,contrary to the belief in the reading passage that clains that the insect parasite named ceder bark beetle's larvae eat the wood and thus cause the tree to decline.The lecturer asserts that the healthy csder tree are more strong enough to protect itself from the larvae attack.The csder tree's bark are satuarated a chemical that are poisonious to kill the larvae.
Secondly,the reading claims that,brown bear claw the tree;s bark and thus their agreesive eating weaken enough the tree to decline.Nevertheless, the lecturer refutes the argumrnt.He argues that,several area including the main land and local area's where the bear are not present also have the same result of the declination.He casts doubths that if the bear cause the declination that why the other areas are effected.
Finally, the reading states that,change in the pattern in the climate affect the growing the root and damage and kill the tree species.On the contrary,the lecturer believes that ,if climate change affect the growth of the tree popullation then the other species in the reagion should also bear the same reasult.In order to bloster his argiments ,the lecturer points that many trees's in lower but wormer made to survive where other in the upper reagion in colder die out.
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| 2020-01-24 | supergirl20 | 40 | view |
| 2020-01-11 | Raziya | 80 | view |
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| 2019-11-27 | shingwa | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-21 | omarsamiiir | 73 | view |
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 15, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
In the lecture,the lecturer casts doubths on the three poi...
^^^^
Line 1, column 166, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...he declination of the tree yellow ceder.The lecturer asserts that none of them prov...
^^^
Line 5, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , contrary
...de the satisfactory reason. Firstly,contrary to the belief in the reading passage th...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 172, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...wood and thus cause the tree to decline.The lecturer asserts that the healthy csder...
^^^
Line 5, column 285, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...o protect itself from the larvae attack.The csder trees bark are satuarated a chemi...
^^^
Line 9, column 9, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...onious to kill the larvae. Secondly,the reading claims that,brown bear claw the...
^^^^
Line 9, column 33, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , brown
...e. Secondly,the reading claims that,brown bear claw the tree;s bark and thus thei...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 132, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Nevertheless
...ating weaken enough the tree to decline.Nevertheless, the lecturer refutes the argumrnt.He a...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 180, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: He
...less, the lecturer refutes the argumrnt.He argues that,several area including the ...
^^
Line 9, column 194, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , several
...urer refutes the argumrnt.He argues that,several area including the main land and local ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 195, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun area seems to be countable; consider using: 'several areas'.
Suggestion: several areas
...rer refutes the argumrnt.He argues that,several area including the main land and local areas...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 324, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: He
...have the same result of the declination.He casts doubths that if the bear cause th...
^^
Line 15, column 33, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , change
... Finally, the reading states that,change in the pattern in the climate affect th...
^^^^^^^
Line 15, column 136, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: On
...ot and damage and kill the tree species.On the contrary,the lecturer believes that...
^^
Line 15, column 151, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...nd kill the tree species.On the contrary,the lecturer believes that ,if climate chan...
^^^^
Line 15, column 178, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... the contrary,the lecturer believes that ,if climate change affect the growth of t...
^^
Line 15, column 312, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: In
...agion should also bear the same reasult.In order to bloster his argiments ,the lec...
^^
Line 15, column 345, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...easult.In order to bloster his argiments ,the lecturer points that many treess in ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, thus, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1281.0 1373.03311258 93% => OK
No of words: 243.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.27160493827 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94822203886 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77016790264 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.534979423868 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 376.2 419.366225166 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 4.0 13.0662251656 31% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 60.0 21.2450331126 282% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 86.7795338775 49.2860985944 176% => OK
Chars per sentence: 320.25 110.228320801 291% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 60.75 21.698381199 280% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 25.75 7.06452816374 364% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 18.0 4.19205298013 429% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.106037626398 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.063231070987 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0134836517271 0.0662205650399 20% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.063231070987 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0134836517271 0.0443174109184 30% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 33.8 13.3589403974 253% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 19.04 53.8541721854 35% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 25.5 11.0289183223 231% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 14.17 12.2367328918 116% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.32 8.42419426049 123% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 27.5 10.7273730684 256% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 26.0 10.498013245 248% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 26.0 11.2008830022 232% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.