Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex's leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.
First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably corresponded to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. The exciting finding was the presence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well represent the remains of the actual blood vessels of T. rex.
Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the presence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron - a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells.
Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue.
We konw that animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animals tissue. in the passage had said, exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cell, and collagen matrix. in the lecture proffesor explained that the breaking of the fossilize leg bone and discovery of soft tissue just reveal some material that bactery had remained because by passing this long time bacteries will make hollow in the bones where blood vessels were once located. also proffesor expressed that the blood vessels can not remain after this long time so this red materials is discovered by microscopic examination of the various parts of animals body, probabely caused by another reason. also there is same explanation about collagen, this materials created y human handling because those can not be remained after passing that long time.
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- TPO35
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 89, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'animals'' or 'animal's'?
Suggestion: animals'; animal's
... little opportunity to study the actual animals tissue. in the passage had said, exposi...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 105, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: In
...ity to study the actual animals tissue. in the passage had said, exposing its insi...
^^
Line 1, column 250, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: In
...s, red blood cell, and collagen matrix. in the lecture proffesor explained that th...
^^
Line 1, column 306, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...roffesor explained that the breaking of the fossilize leg bone and discovery of soft tissue j...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 523, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
... where blood vessels were once located. also proffesor expressed that the blood vess...
^^^^
Line 1, column 523, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: also,
... where blood vessels were once located. also proffesor expressed that the blood vess...
^^^^
Line 1, column 744, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...dy, probabely caused by another reason. also there is same explanation about collage...
^^^^
Line 1, column 744, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: also,
...dy, probabely caused by another reason. also there is same explanation about collage...
^^^^
Line 1, column 791, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...ere is same explanation about collagen, this materials created y human handling beca...
^^^^
Line 1, column 839, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this can' or 'those cans'?
Suggestion: this can; those cans
...erials created y human handling because those can not be remained after passing that long...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 17.0 30.3222958057 56% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 755.0 1373.03311258 55% => More number of characters wanted.
No of words: 145.0 270.72406181 54% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.20689655172 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.47010008196 4.04702891845 86% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40692619288 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 96.0 145.348785872 66% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.662068965517 0.540411800872 123% => OK
syllable_count: 242.1 419.366225166 58% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 0.0 8.23620309051 0% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 5.0 13.0662251656 38% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 60.2740408468 49.2860985944 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 151.0 110.228320801 137% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.0 21.698381199 134% => OK
Discourse Markers: 1.6 7.06452816374 23% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.09492273731 24% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.172040753317 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.126006918857 0.0996497079465 126% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.185474873191 0.0662205650399 280% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.172040753317 0.162205337803 106% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.6 13.3589403974 132% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 33.58 53.8541721854 62% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.8 11.0289183223 143% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.53 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.76 8.42419426049 116% => OK
difficult_words: 43.0 63.6247240618 68% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
More content wanted.
Minimum 150 words wanted.
Rates: 40.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 12.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.