Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
The lecturer contradicts the points in the reading passage about the benefits of salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from the areas affected by wildfire or storms.
First, the reading states that the dead trees that stacked after a disaster are inconvenient for other trees to grow better. However, the professor refutes this by arguing that natural tree decomposition is good manure to other trees to get nutrients for their faster growth. So salvage logging should highly be discouraged.
Second, the reading claims that rotting wood increases insect infestation in the forest. The author of reading provides an example of an insect named spruce bark beetle that damages the bark of healthy spruce trees. On the contrary, the professor is of the opinion that dead woods are habitats for both insects and birds which are the natural germinators of the forest. As a result of salvage logging, this natural web chain is interrupted that may affect the ecological balance of the forest.
Third, the professor says that the economic benefits from the practice of salvage logging are questionable. The transportation of logs through the harsh jungle is a tenacious job and sometimes needs the use of helicopters. Furthermore, the jobs related to this practice are temporary and needed a trained professional.
In short, the lecturer does not believe that salvage logging is a better choice for the society and economy as a whole.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 46, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'increases'' or 'increase's'?
Suggestion: increases'; increase's
...d, the reading claims that rotting wood increases insect infestation in the forest. The a...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, however, may, second, so, third, in short, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1227.0 1373.03311258 89% => OK
No of words: 237.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17721518987 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92362132708 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71202018784 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.544303797468 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 372.6 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 33.9713931942 49.2860985944 69% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.25 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.75 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.58333333333 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.224038635993 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0784558791639 0.0996497079465 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0487192129399 0.0662205650399 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.114655638583 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.044191300337 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.76 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.78 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 46, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'increases'' or 'increase's'?
Suggestion: increases'; increase's
...d, the reading claims that rotting wood increases insect infestation in the forest. The a...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, however, may, second, so, third, in short, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1227.0 1373.03311258 89% => OK
No of words: 237.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17721518987 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92362132708 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71202018784 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.544303797468 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 372.6 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 33.9713931942 49.2860985944 69% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.25 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.75 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.58333333333 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.224038635993 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0784558791639 0.0996497079465 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0487192129399 0.0662205650399 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.114655638583 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.044191300337 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.76 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.78 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.