integrated

The reading claims that the archaeologist in Iraq proposed that vessel, they found, were ancient electric batteries, but it is not likely that the vessels were used as electric batteries in ancient times and it provides three reasons of support. In contrast, the professor states that the arguments in the passage are not convincing and she refutes each of the author's reasons.

First, the article avers that if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. However, the lecturer opposes this point by saying that the vessels were discovered by local people and not by archaeologists so these people didn't train to recognize the important materials in the location. In fact, she mentions that they might overlooked to these materials or even threw them a way.

Second, the reading asserts that the copper cylinder inside th jars look exactly like copper sylinders discovered in th ruins of Seleucia, and the copper were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not of electricity. On the other hand, the professor counters this point by stating that it is true that copper in Seleucia were used for holding scroll, but there is no a proof that the copper in Iraq were used the same purpose. Actually, she argues that they discovered the copper in Iraq together with iron inside clay to produce electricity so the copper in clay were used to another purpose because they adapted the previous purpose of using copper. This challenges the assertion in the article.

Third, the article posits that ancient people had no devices that replied on electricity. Conversely, the professor casts doubt on this point by explaining that the questions in the passage have answers. According to the professor, they produced shock by these vessels, and they used the shock for invisible power and magic purpose. In addition, they used it for medical purpose to relief pain and to produce movements in the muscles. This appears a contradiction to the information made in the passage.