Scientists have long known that scorpions glow blue-green when ultraviolet（UV） light shines on them. However, experts are unsure of what purpose this fluorescence（glow）might serve Several ideas have been proposed
One hypothesis is that the scorpions glow evolved for protection. According to this idea, the glow is a response to harmful UV radiation contained in sunlight. An animal's outer shell absorbs the UV radiation and then reflects it away, protecting the inside of the animal's body from the radiation. The reflection creates the glow. While scorpions today are active at night and do not need UV protection, ancestors of modern scorpions were active during the day and needed such protection. Modern-day scorpions may have inherted this ability from the ancestors, even though it is no longer useful to them
Another idea is that scorpions use their glow to attract their prey. According to this theory, scorpions sit still, glowing slightly, and their prey-insects-are attracted to the glowing light and approach. Once they get close enough, the scorpion pounces on them with its strong claws and mouth. Even the low levels of UV light present in moonlight can cause scorpions to glow, and scorpions have been observed lying in wait for prey, lending support to this
Finally, scorpions may use fiuorescence to help them distinguish among different scorpion species, based on variations in glow. Without any UV light, scorpions are often well camouflaged in their environments, and this can sometimes be an advantage To reproduce however, scorpions need to find members of their own species. Their glow may be a way for them not only to find other scorpions, but also to detect whether another individual is of the same scorpion species and thus a suitable mate
Scientists have long known that scorpions glow blue-green when ultraviolet （UV） light shines on them. However, experts are unsure of what purpose this fluorescence（glow） might serve Several ideas have been proposed
The reading passage proposes three theories to explain why scorpions glow, all of which are refuted by the speaker in the listening part.
The first hypothesis is that the glow is a response to harmful UV radiation in sunlight However, it is argued in the reading that the ancestor species that were active during the day and needed this ability for protection and survival lived over 350 million years ago, but for the last 350 million years, all scorpion species have been active during the night. That m they did not need to protect themselves from sunlight and UV radiation. A function that doesn't really benefit an organism may persist for a little while, but it never persists for hundreds of millions of years. Normally traits or abilities that become useless disappear over time
The second theory mentioned in the reading is that scorpions use glow to attract their prey Nevertheless, it is stated in the listening that in nature, the light source that's most likely to make scorpions glow is the moon, especially when it is full. But studies have shown that when moonlight is likely to make scorpions glow, for instance, on the night of a full moon, scorpions usually do not go after prey. In fact, scorpions hunt and feed most often when there is no moonlight and no light source to make them glow. This strongly suggests that so do not attract their prey by glowing Lastly, glow, based on the reading, is not only a way for scorpions to find other scorpions, but also to distinguish among different scorpion species. On the other hand, the professor says that it's important to note that differences in glow from one species of scorpion to another are very small. The blue green glow is nearly the same regardless of species. And scorpions have relatively simple vision. They cannot see all the different colors that humans see. Thus many scientists doubt that scorpion see well enough to perceive such slight differences in glow.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-01-11 | serena_wus | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 215, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t serve Several ideas have been proposed The reading passage proposes three theor...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 457, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...light and UV radiation. A function that doesnt really benefit an organism may persist ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 648, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... that become useless disappear over time The second theory mentioned in the readi...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 170, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...tening that in nature, the light source thats most likely to make scorpions glow is t...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 1052, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...l the different colors that humans see. Thus many scientists doubt that scorpion see...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, lastly, may, nevertheless, really, second, so, thus, well, while, for instance, in fact, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 12.0772626932 166% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1811.0 1373.03311258 132% => OK
No of words: 365.0 270.72406181 135% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96164383562 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37092360658 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59390859399 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 200.0 145.348785872 138% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.547945205479 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 521.1 419.366225166 124% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 5.0 1.51434878587 330% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 96.1546373594 49.2860985944 195% => OK
Chars per sentence: 129.357142857 110.228320801 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.0714285714 21.698381199 120% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.78571428571 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.514565394807 0.272083759551 189% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.183284911139 0.0996497079465 184% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.159996791345 0.0662205650399 242% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.36139158496 0.162205337803 223% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.306839742919 0.0443174109184 692% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 62.01 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.17 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 10.7273730684 168% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.