Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
On the basis of what I heard from the listening material and reading passage, I can clearly tell that the speaker is mainly talking why the speculation is not convincing in consideration of comparison from other animals and factors. This strongly challenges the point of views held by the narrator. Followed are the three aspects where the two materials diverge from each other.
First of all, the professor states that there is not a persuasive connection between the intelligence and the navigation. He takes the duck, which is a animal with average intelligence, for example, and points it out that ducks are able to navigate themselves. However, it contradicts the statement made by the author that humpback whale can navigate because they are smart enough. Later, the professor says that it is more like a instinct ability to do so, instead of a consequence of high intelligence.
Second, the professor argues that there might be some external forces, except for external signs, possible to make humpback whales queue as a long straight line. It is magnetite that the professor considers a feasible force to drive them line up. At the same time, humpback whales are not look upward for looking at stars. They do so since the effect of the magnetite. This argument provide another possible and viable reason to explain why humpback whale will line up, which is the viewpoints in the reading passage.
Third of all, the professor states that even the behavior is rare, there are still other species do so, such as shark. Hence, there is no a strong connection to point out the conclusion. Furthermore, they do so at day, not night. It is weird to contend they are doing so to watch stars.
In conclusion, the contentions mentioned in the material are jeopardized by the professor. He is fully opposed of what believed by the writer.
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 70
- people who accept criticism are more likely to succeed in group work 73
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 70
- Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs Many pterosaurs were very large some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were capabl 80
- Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to sc 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 151, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...navigation. He takes the duck, which is a animal with average intelligence, for e...
^
Line 3, column 430, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...the professor says that it is more like a instinct ability to do so, instead of a...
^
Line 5, column 384, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'provides'.
Suggestion: provides
... effect of the magnetite. This argument provide another possible and viable reason to e...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 136, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...s do so, such as shark. Hence, there is no a strong connection to point out the co...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, hence, however, look, second, so, still, third, except for, for example, in conclusion, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1536.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 312.0 270.72406181 115% => OK
Chars per words: 4.92307692308 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20279927342 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72386873417 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 175.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.560897435897 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 474.3 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 47.7220605352 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 85.3333333333 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.3333333333 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.16666666667 7.06452816374 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.135317279786 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.036391476486 0.0996497079465 37% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0481513939183 0.0662205650399 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0604723629477 0.162205337803 37% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0632514906831 0.0443174109184 143% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.96 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.12 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.