The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The argument states that investment must be made in resources for unmanned space flight when compared to manned space flight. This is due to the claims that there are recent success stories of unmanned space probes and risk of sending people into the space can be prevented. Though the argument put forward looks legitimate, there are a number of flaws which require an introspection in order to make this argument a valid one.
Firstly, there was a claim that Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. But there are no evidences mentioned in the argument to substantiate this claim. The author must have provided the statistics that compare the costs between the manned and unmanned missions to validate this claim. In addition to that, there was no mention of the kind of dangers involved with the manned space flights. The author should have provided the statistics or evidence to the above mentioned claims in order to make his argument cogent.
Secondly, the author assumes that useful information can be gathered by sending unmanned space flights. But there is no evidence to support this statement. The author neither talks regarding the kind of technology used nor the advantages compared to manned spaceflights. In case if there is a major outage unmanned space flights may not be able to fix the issue. Usually, there must be a human to monitor the automatic work in order to make the satellite run smoothly. Otherwise there is also a threat to the human world if a satellite loses its path and falls on a geographic area. Thus, the author must have provided the data by comparing both the missions of manned and unmanned flights and how to overcome certain risks in unmanned flights. Even the kind of information gathered by unmanned flights must be put forth.
Lastly, there was no mention regarding the success stories. Were the success stories pertaining to the real unmanned flights or is it a prototype with limited capabilities? If the unmanned flights were prototypes only, we cannot come to the conclusion that they can replace the manned flights because, still rigorous testing must be conducted to validate the claim. However there was not a tinge of information regarding the success of unmanned flights compared to manned forces.
In conclusion, though the argument put forth by the author seems to have believable information, there are a lot number of flaws which need to be addressed in order to validate the argument. There must be supporting evidences to the success stories, dangers involved during the manned missions, costs comparison between both the models and lastly, the kind of information which is being gathered using the unmanned flights. All the above mentioned loopholes must be answered by the author in order to make is argument convincing.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...der to make this argument a valid one. Firstly, there was a claim that Manned s...
^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...in order to make his argument cogent. Secondly, the author assumes that useful...
^^^
Line 5, column 436, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...o monitor the automatic work in order to make the satellite run smoothly. Otherwi...
^^
Line 5, column 471, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Otherwise,
...er to make the satellite run smoothly. Otherwise there is also a threat to the human wor...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 367, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ust be conducted to validate the claim. However there was not a tinge of information re...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, look, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, still, thus, in addition, in conclusion, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 29.0 19.6327345309 148% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 28.8173652695 59% => OK
Preposition: 63.0 55.5748502994 113% => OK
Nominalization: 21.0 16.3942115768 128% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2338.0 2260.96107784 103% => OK
No of words: 463.0 441.139720559 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04967602592 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.63868890866 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63427565313 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 188.0 204.123752495 92% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.406047516199 0.468620217663 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 726.3 705.55239521 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.471057884232 0% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 22.8473053892 88% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.875429531 57.8364921388 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.652173913 119.503703932 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.1304347826 23.324526521 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.08695652174 5.70786347227 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.239183406359 0.218282227539 110% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.089532055348 0.0743258471296 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0832957687699 0.0701772020484 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.15593467463 0.128457276422 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0590655632396 0.0628817314937 94% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 14.3799401198 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 48.3550499002 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.5979740519 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.66 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 98.500998004 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 11.1389221557 90% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
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Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.