The author and the professor have a conflict of opinions about a fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex. The author states that the fossil contain remails of the animal's tissues, while the professor refutes this statement.
Firstly, the writer asserts that the small branching channels found in the bones may represent the hollows in which the blood vessels might have existed. However, the speaker refuted this opinion by claiming that these channels may not be blood vessels. As a matter of fact, bacteria living in bones will result in hollows which are similar to the blood vessel hollows. In addition, bacteria can produce organic materials when living in bones. This suggests that the channels might also be traces of bateria living in the animal's bones.
Secondly, the reading passage proposes that the spheres found in inner bones can probably be the remains of red blood cells, for they contain a chemical which is essential for transporting oxygen and some dark red centers which are similar to the red blood cell's size. By contrast, the listening material casts doubt on this statement by mentioning the fact that the spheres are also found in other animals in the same place, some of which do not contain red blood cells. As a result, the spheres are unlikely to be remains of red blood cells, but rather a kind of reddish mineral.
Thirdly, the article claims that collagen is found inside the animal's leg bone, supporting the statement that they are remains of the animal's bone tissue. On the contrary, the lecture believes that this statement does not hold water. As collagen have not been found in any animal remain older than one hundred thousand years, the collagen found in the animal's bone can impossibly represent Tyrannosaurus rex, which lives 70 million years ago. Instead, it may be from researchers handling the bone, as human skin also contain collagen.
- TPO-23 - Integrated Writing Task Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses expla 3
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 80
- TPO-22 - Integrated Writing Task Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasol 76
- TPO-22 - Integrated Writing Task Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasol 85
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, may, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, while, in addition, kind of, as a matter of fact, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1565.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.39377516494 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.501597444089 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 470.7 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 1.25165562914 399% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.6948684113 49.2860985944 113% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.785714286 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.3571428571 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.2142857143 7.06452816374 159% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.468549866345 0.272083759551 172% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.157320422719 0.0996497079465 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0764747036132 0.0662205650399 115% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.256128176983 0.162205337803 158% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0837832206684 0.0443174109184 189% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.02 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.56 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.