Based on the reading material, it is stated that there are 3 viable reasons for scientists to criticise that Sinosauropteryx was a feather dinosaur. However, the lecturer believes that the explanation of the reading is not sufficient and provides some counterarguments.
Initially, the author argued that after the animal's death, its skin have decomposed into fibers and these fibers became preserved as lines in the fossils. That being said, the lecturer repudiated this idea by clarifying that other animal's fossils which has discovered in that site do not show any decomposition of fibers. Their fossils were beautifully preserved under the volcanic ashes and as a result, these lines are evidences of feathers.
Another point mentioned by the author was that these fine lines are evidences of frills in Sinosauropteryx and the majority of scientists argue that these fine lines are fossilized remains of frills than feathers. However, the lecturer rejected this one too by stating that there is a chemical difference between frills and feathers. Feathers are included Beta-keratin, whereas frills are not, and these fine lines have a lot of beta-keratin, which can be concluded as an evidence of feathers.
The final point advanced in the reading passage was that the structures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal, which is quite futile for flight and thermoregulation. Yet again, the lecturer casted doubt on this idea. She said that these feathers had other function. To make this clear, the professor brought up an example of a kind of bird, Peacock. The Peacock has a colorful feathers in its tail in order to display them to attract its mate. So, these feathers, which was orange and white, could be used in Sinosauropteryx for display function.
- TPO-34 - Integrated Writing Task A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see 73
- TPO-41 - Integrated Writing Task Burning coal in power plants produces a waste product called coal ash, a material that contains small amounts of potentially harmful chemicals Environmentalists in the United States are concerned about the damage such harm 80
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 85
- TPO-21 - Integrated Writing Task Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism’s genes and hence its characteristics, is now being used to improve trees through genetic modification. It is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, g 80
- TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 45, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'animals'' or 'animal's'?
Suggestion: animals'; animal's
...ially, the author argued that after the animals death, its skin have decomposed into fi...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 460, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'feather'?
Suggestion: feather
...rd, Peacock. The Peacock has a colorful feathers in its tail in order to display them to...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, if, so, whereas, kind of, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1546.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18791946309 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.96942514619 2.5805825403 115% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.520134228188 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 487.8 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.5349541532 49.2860985944 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.428571429 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.2857142857 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.28571428571 7.06452816374 47% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.445433470306 0.272083759551 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.134767374636 0.0996497079465 135% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.103524750768 0.0662205650399 156% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.245975700073 0.162205337803 152% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0711981599747 0.0443174109184 161% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.