132. The following appeared in a letter to the school board in the town of Centerville.
"All students should be required to take the driver's education course at Centerville High School. In the past two years, several accidents in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high school is the only solution to this serious problem."
In this letter, the author claims that the school in the town of Centerville has to support mandatory driver's education program to reduce occurrence of car accidents by teenagers. To support her argument, she says teenage drivers have related to several car accidents in and around Centerville in the past two years. And she cites some parents' complains about short time for them to educate driving to their children. Also, she says fee for two driving schools in Centerville burden for some parents' budget. This argument seems plausible first, however, careful scrutiny reveals that this argument has several logical flaws.
To begin with, based on the fact that some teenagers have involved some car accidents in and around the town, she hastily assumes that the teenagers who have involved in the accidents are students of the high school in the town or residents of the Centerville. However, the teenagers could not be student of the high school or even, they could come from other region. Common sense tells us that all car accidents could not result from the people of a region. If this is true, we cannot be convinced by this argument.
Secondly, even if the teenagers were student of the high school or residents of the town, based on the fact that they were related to the accidents, the author wrongly assumes that the cause of the accidents is lack of ability of driving of the students. However, the real reason for the accidents could not be inherent in the students. For example, even if the students had good driving skills and sufficient knowledge about traffic laws, other drivers' mistakes or fault could lead to accidents. If she cannot rule out this problem, this argument has no ground.
Finally, even if we admit that other assumptions is true, there is another critical problem. Based on the fact that the teenagers of the high school or the region have involved the accidents in and around the Centerville in the past year, the author presumes that these tendency has not been eccentric and will be continuous in the future. However, there is no warranty that these cases have been not temporary. For example, the people who were in teen-age generation have "uncommonly" lacked of driving skills or knowledge about traffic laws or next generation who are in teen-age generation at present time can have good driving skills and proper knowledge about traffic laws. Until she explains us that why she thinks the occasion of accidents have included in common cases, this argument is not cogent.
To summarize, this argument is still dubious as it stands. To make this argument more persuasive, the author has to give us additional data about that the students who have involved the several accidents are really students of the high school in the town of Centerville and about that the real cause of accidents can be attributed to the teenagers. To evaluate better, the author must explain us why she thinks that occasions of these accidents is not uncommon and will be continuous in the future.
- The following appeared in a memo to the board of directors of Bargain Brand Cereals. (152)"One year ago we introduced our first product, Bargain Brand breakfast cereal. Our very low prices quickly drew many customers away from the top-selling cereal 42
- Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. 70
- Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium—substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore say that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease that is linked to both environmental 50
- Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. 79
- The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of a manufacturing company."During the past year, workers at our newly opened factory reported 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than workers at nearby Panoply Industries. Panoply produces pro 82
Comments
Essay evaluation report
It is out of the track.
----------------------
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 511 350
No. of Characters: 2452 1500
No. of Different Words: 191 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.755 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.798 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.41 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 179 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 135 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 88 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 53 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 24.333 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 12.915 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.667 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.339 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.517 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.199 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 103, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'drivers'' or 'driver's'?
Suggestion: drivers'; driver's
...of Centerville has to support mandatory drivers education program to reduce occurrence ...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 265, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this tendency' or 'these tendencies'?
Suggestion: this tendency; these tendencies
...the past year, the author presumes that these tendency has not been eccentric and will be cont...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 496, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e generation have 'uncommonly' lacked of driving skills or knowledge ab...
^^
Line 9, column 350, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...nts can be attributed to the teenagers. To evaluate better, the author must explai...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, really, second, secondly, so, still, as to, for example, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.9520958084 93% => OK
Conjunction : 16.0 11.1786427146 143% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 13.6137724551 140% => OK
Pronoun: 48.0 28.8173652695 167% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 72.0 55.5748502994 130% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2526.0 2260.96107784 112% => OK
No of words: 511.0 441.139720559 116% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94324853229 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.75450408675 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59196303442 2.78398813304 93% => OK
Unique words: 195.0 204.123752495 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.381604696673 0.468620217663 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 773.1 705.55239521 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 75.5266618089 57.8364921388 131% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.285714286 119.503703932 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.3333333333 23.324526521 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.2380952381 5.70786347227 92% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 8.20758483034 37% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 17.0 6.88822355289 247% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.230329474005 0.218282227539 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0760144676754 0.0743258471296 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0749433815078 0.0701772020484 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.149132471707 0.128457276422 116% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0467486019125 0.0628817314937 74% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 14.3799401198 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 48.3550499002 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.67 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.73 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 98.500998004 95% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.