The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
The argument states that a group of rhesus monkeys were chosen to study the effects of birth order on individual’s level of stimulation. Primarily, the results from the study could be limited since the argument considers a limited number of rhesus monkeys. Also, it would be flawed to directly infer that, results from the study of monkeys would be similar to that of humans with respect to the levels of cortisol in the off-springs, increased activity levels and the levels of cortisol related to the mother.
Firstly, the argument considers eighteen rhesus monkeys to obtain clues related to the effects of birth order on individuals. Since the number of monkeys that is studied is limited to a small group, the results would only be related to those individuals being studied. Since the number is limited, it could be assumed that the number of individuals considered could belong to the same family and hierarchy of rhesus monkeys leading to similar results.
Secondly, it could also be that, the hormonal cortisol is not the only reason for increased activity in the older siblings compared to the younger ones. Since the study does not explicitly state any relation between hormonal levels and increased activity among the siblings, it cannot be assumed so.
Thirdly, the finding of the study states that the first-time mother monkeys have increased levels of cortisol when compared to the offspring. This assumption fails to stand for the reasons that, the number of rhesus monkeys considered is limited and also that the study does not consider the effects that other hormones have for the first-time monkey mothers.
Finally, even though humans evolution is tied to that of the ape family, it would be an err to assume the results obtained from the rhesus monkeys apply for the human beings as well. The study fails to state the relation that the rhesus monkeys have to the humans in order to extend the results to that of the humans, as stated in the above reasons.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-23 | lanhhoang | 29 | view |
| 2019-09-24 | jms96ZZ | 80 | view |
| 2019-05-31 | Haley.J | 29 | view |
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- The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal."A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situ 50
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 453, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...sus monkeys leading to similar results. Secondly, it could also be that, the hor...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 22, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'humans'' or 'human's'?
Suggestion: humans'; human's
...monkey mothers. Finally, even though humans evolution is tied to that of the ape fa...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 86, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
... to that of the ape family, it would be an err to assume the results obtained from the...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 161, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ed from the rhesus monkeys apply for the human beings as well. The study fails to...
^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'finally', 'first', 'firstly', 'second', 'secondly', 'so', 'third', 'thirdly', 'well', 'with respect to']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.265753424658 0.25644967241 104% => OK
Verbs: 0.161643835616 0.15541462614 104% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0520547945205 0.0836205057962 62% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0520547945205 0.0520304965353 100% => OK
Pronouns: 0.013698630137 0.0272364105082 50% => OK
Prepositions: 0.128767123288 0.125424944231 103% => OK
Participles: 0.0602739726027 0.0416121511921 145% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.50145643803 2.79052419416 90% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0547945205479 0.026700313972 205% => Less infinitives wanted.
Particles: 0.0 0.001811407834 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.145205479452 0.113004496875 128% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0246575342466 0.0255425247493 97% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00821917808219 0.0127820249294 64% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1994.0 2731.13054187 73% => OK
No of words: 333.0 446.07635468 75% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.98798798799 6.12365571057 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.27180144563 4.57801047555 93% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.39039039039 0.378187486979 103% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.279279279279 0.287650121315 97% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.165165165165 0.208842608468 79% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.0720720720721 0.135150697306 53% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50145643803 2.79052419416 90% => OK
Unique words: 132.0 207.018472906 64% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.396396396396 0.469332199767 84% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
Word variations: 39.2888729184 52.1807786196 75% => OK
How many sentences: 12.0 20.039408867 60% => OK
Sentence length: 27.75 23.2022227129 120% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.4376333238 57.7814097925 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 166.166666667 141.986410481 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.75 23.2022227129 120% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.916666666667 0.724660767414 126% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.14285714286 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 3.58251231527 112% => OK
Readability: 55.6779279279 51.9672348444 107% => OK
Elegance: 2.0 1.8405768891 109% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.59769030666 0.441005458295 136% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.261382857083 0.135418324435 193% => Sentence is so close to another sentence.
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0619446234527 0.0829849096947 75% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.797407032756 0.58762219726 136% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.0851564190373 0.147661913831 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.366509639755 0.193483328276 189% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.126538614546 0.0970749176394 130% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.518534332447 0.42659136922 122% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.127983115966 0.0774707102158 165% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.43820544414 0.312017818177 140% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.127156111454 0.0698173142475 182% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.33743842365 60% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.87684729064 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.82512315271 0% => More neutral sentences wanted.
Positive topic words: 5.0 6.46551724138 77% => OK
Negative topic words: 6.0 5.36822660099 112% => OK
Neutral topic words: 0.0 2.82389162562 0% => More neutral topic words wanted.
Total topic words: 11.0 14.657635468 75% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.