The chart compares the US government’s expenditure on research in five fields namely health, space, energy, general science, and other over the period from 1980 to 2008.
The chart compares the US government’s expenditure on research in five fields namely health, space, energy, general science, and other over the period from 1980 to 2008.
Overall, it can be seen that most of the portfolios that the US government's expenditure
in have an increasing trend, except for others that have a downward trend. The US government spent the largest amount of money on research into Health while the least amount of money was spent on researching General Science.
Started over $7 billions in 1980, the US government expenditure on research into Health a reduction mild the next four years before dramatically increasing again and reached a peak at near %25 billions. Although it dipped slightly to $18 billion in 2008, spending on Health research is by far the highest.In contrast, the total expenditure of general science is the lowest of all expenditures. Started at $2.5 million in 1980 and ranged between $2.5 million and $5 million between 1980 and 2000. Spent after that remained at $5 million until 2008.
Meanwhile, Other's spending was larger than spending on space and energy, with $7 million, $6 million, and $5 million respectively. Then, there was also an increase in the money that was spent on research into Energy and Space, from $5 billion and $6 billion in 1980 to around $7.5 billion and $9 billion in 2008, respectively. In contrast, the only field that experienced an overall decrease in expenditure was that of research into other areas, which fell from approximately $7.5 billion in 1980 to about $5 billion by 2008.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 171, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ther over the period from 1980 to 2008. Overall, it can be seen that most of the...
^^^
Line 4, column 13, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...searching General Science. Started over billions in 1980, the US government expe...
^^
Line 4, column 301, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: In
...n Health research is by far the highest.In contrast, the total expenditure of gene...
^^
Line 4, column 453, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n 1980 and ranged between .5 million and million between 1980 and 2000. Spent aft...
^^
Line 4, column 455, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...1980 and ranged between .5 million and million between 1980 and 2000. Spent after that...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 514, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...0 and 2000. Spent after that remained at million until 2008. Meanwhile, Others s...
^^
Line 4, column 516, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...and 2000. Spent after that remained at million until 2008. Meanwhile, Others spending...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 78, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... than spending on space and energy, with million, million, and million respecti...
^^
Line 5, column 80, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...han spending on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. T...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 88, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ding on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then...
^^
Line 5, column 90, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...ng on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 102, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there was al...
^^
Line 5, column 104, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...d energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there was also an i...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 225, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... on research into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around ....
^^
Line 5, column 227, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...n research into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and...
^^
Line 5, column 240, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...to Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 280, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billion in 2008, respectively. In contra...
^^
Line 5, column 282, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...llion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billion in 2008, respectively. In contrast, the...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 489, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pproximately .5 billion in 1980 to about billion by 2008.
^^
Line 5, column 491, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...roximately .5 billion in 1980 to about billion by 2008.
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, so, then, while, except for, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 7.48453608247 107% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 4.92783505155 20% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 5.05154639175 198% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 3.03092783505 264% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 13.0 32.9175257732 39% => OK
Preposition: 53.0 26.3917525773 201% => Less preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 6.0 3.85567010309 156% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1281.0 937.175257732 137% => OK
No of words: 250.0 206.0 121% => OK
Chars per words: 5.124 4.54256449028 113% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 3.78020617076 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.76951692539 2.54303337028 109% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 127.690721649 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.488 0.622605031667 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 362.7 290.88556701 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.41237113402 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 9.13402061856 11% => OK
Article: 5.0 0.824742268041 606% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 1.0 1.83505154639 54% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 0.463917525773 431% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 6.0 1.44329896907 416% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 12.6804123711 79% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 16.3608247423 153% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 46.6068664469 44.8134815571 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 128.1 76.5299724578 167% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0 16.8248392259 149% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.6 4.34317383033 106% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.29896907216 116% => OK
Language errors: 21.0 2.54639175258 825% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 7.41237113402 54% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 1.49484536082 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 3.94845360825 127% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.453195794804 0.216113520407 210% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.192037769706 0.0766984524023 250% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.216456968496 0.0603063233224 359% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.300204701865 0.12726935374 236% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.26208446109 0.0580467560999 452% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.2 8.37731958763 181% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 70.7449484536 77% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 3.82989690722 230% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 7.45979381443 160% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.71 8.71597938144 146% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.78 7.59969072165 102% => OK
difficult_words: 46.0 41.2886597938 111% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 8.62886597938 156% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 8.54432989691 140% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 8.15463917526 147% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.6516853933 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 7.0 Out of 9
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 171, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ther over the period from 1980 to 2008. Overall, it can be seen that most of the...
^^^
Line 4, column 13, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...searching General Science. Started over billions in 1980, the US government expe...
^^
Line 4, column 301, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: In
...n Health research is by far the highest.In contrast, the total expenditure of gene...
^^
Line 4, column 453, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n 1980 and ranged between .5 million and million between 1980 and 2000. Spent aft...
^^
Line 4, column 455, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...1980 and ranged between .5 million and million between 1980 and 2000. Spent after that...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 514, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...0 and 2000. Spent after that remained at million until 2008. Meanwhile, Others s...
^^
Line 4, column 516, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...and 2000. Spent after that remained at million until 2008. Meanwhile, Others spending...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 78, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... than spending on space and energy, with million, million, and million respecti...
^^
Line 5, column 80, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...han spending on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. T...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 88, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ding on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then...
^^
Line 5, column 90, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...ng on space and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 102, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...and energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there was al...
^^
Line 5, column 104, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
...d energy, with million, million, and million respectively. Then, there was also an i...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 225, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... on research into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around ....
^^
Line 5, column 227, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...n research into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...into Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and...
^^
Line 5, column 240, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...to Energy and Space, from billion and billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 280, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...billion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billion in 2008, respectively. In contra...
^^
Line 5, column 282, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...llion in 1980 to around .5 billion and billion in 2008, respectively. In contrast, the...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 489, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pproximately .5 billion in 1980 to about billion by 2008.
^^
Line 5, column 491, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...roximately .5 billion in 1980 to about billion by 2008.
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, so, then, while, except for, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 7.48453608247 107% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 4.92783505155 20% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 5.05154639175 198% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 3.03092783505 264% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 13.0 32.9175257732 39% => OK
Preposition: 53.0 26.3917525773 201% => Less preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 6.0 3.85567010309 156% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1281.0 937.175257732 137% => OK
No of words: 250.0 206.0 121% => OK
Chars per words: 5.124 4.54256449028 113% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 3.78020617076 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.76951692539 2.54303337028 109% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 127.690721649 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.488 0.622605031667 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 362.7 290.88556701 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.41237113402 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 9.13402061856 11% => OK
Article: 5.0 0.824742268041 606% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 1.0 1.83505154639 54% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 0.463917525773 431% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 6.0 1.44329896907 416% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 12.6804123711 79% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 16.3608247423 153% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 46.6068664469 44.8134815571 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 128.1 76.5299724578 167% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0 16.8248392259 149% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.6 4.34317383033 106% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.29896907216 116% => OK
Language errors: 21.0 2.54639175258 825% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 7.41237113402 54% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 1.49484536082 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 3.94845360825 127% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.453195794804 0.216113520407 210% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.192037769706 0.0766984524023 250% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.216456968496 0.0603063233224 359% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.300204701865 0.12726935374 236% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.26208446109 0.0580467560999 452% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.2 8.37731958763 181% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 70.7449484536 77% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 3.82989690722 230% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 7.45979381443 160% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.71 8.71597938144 146% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.78 7.59969072165 102% => OK
difficult_words: 46.0 41.2886597938 111% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 8.62886597938 156% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 8.54432989691 140% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 8.15463917526 147% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.6516853933 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 7.0 Out of 9
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.