Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern-day insects. However, the fossil information does not allow paleontologists to determine with certainty what agnostids ate or how they behaved. There are several different theories about how agnostids may have lived.
Free-Swimming Predators
First, the agnostids may have been free-swimming predators that hunted smaller animals. It is known that other types of primitive arthropods were strong swimmers and active predators, so it is reasonable that the agnostids may have lived that way as well And while the agnostids were small, sometimes just six millimeters long, there were plenty of smaller organisms in the ancient ocean for them to prey on
Seafloor Dwellers
Second, they may have dwelled on the seafloor. Again, there are examples of other types of primitive arthropods living this way, so it is possible that agnostids did too. On the seafloor they would have survived by scavenging dead organisms or by grazing on bacteria.
Parasites
Third, there is the possibility that the agnostids were parasites, living on and feeding off larger organisms. One reason that this seems possible is that there are many species of modern-day arthropods that exist as parasites, such as fleas, ticks, and mites. The agnostids might have lived on primitive fish or even on other, larger arthropods.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about how the marine animals called Agnostids lived and behaved before 450 million years. The article strongly postulates the remains of Agnostids species weren't enough to determine agnostids behavior and food. However, there are many assumptions about agnostids life. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that none of the three presented theories are convincing.
First and foremost, according to the author of the excerpt, the agnostids may have lived in the sea as swimming predators owing to the fact that other kind of primitive arthropods had the ability to swim and prey on smaller organisms. Nonetheless, the lecture offsets these points by declaring that in order for agnostids to be swimming predator they would have well-developed eyes because vision is very important to help in catch preys. However, agnostids were blind which means the idea of being swimming predators is wrong. In other words, the agnostids to be able to catch small organisms in oceans, they would have developed special abiltity.
On top of this, the professor in lecture further points out that the agnostids had the ability to move fast. meaning that the theory of living on the sea floor isn't applicable anymore, because of the primitive arthropods that lived in that way were slow. plus, they stayed in the same area where originated. These claims refute the writer implication of how the agnostids could have seafloor dwellers.
The article lastly asserts that because there are many arthropods exist now lives as parasites, the agnostids may have lived as parasites feeding on larger organisms such as fleas and ticks. The speaker in lecture counters these points by declaring that the agnostids were large in population. However, if they lived as parasites, they would have killed all organisms lived on. Subsequently, there are a vast amount of fossils, which means the possibility of being parasties was rolled out.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-04-09 | toefl 2019 | 60 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 214, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: weren't
...ulates the remains of Agnostids species werent enough to determine agnostids behavior ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 110, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Meaning
...agnostids had the ability to move fast. meaning that the theory of living on the sea fl...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 161, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: isn't
...t the theory of living on the sea floor isnt applicable anymore, because of the prim...
^^^^
Line 5, column 256, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Plus
...opods that lived in that way were slow. plus, they stayed in the same area where ori...
^^^^
Line 7, column 410, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'amounts'?
Suggestion: amounts
...ived on. Subsequently, there are a vast amount of fossils, which means the possibility...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, lastly, may, nonetheless, so, well, kind of, such as, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 15.1003584229 93% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 9.8082437276 61% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 13.8261648746 43% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 11.0286738351 109% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 43.0788530466 42% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 52.1666666667 81% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 8.0752688172 25% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1676.0 1977.66487455 85% => OK
No of words: 318.0 407.700716846 78% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.27044025157 4.8611393121 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22286093782 4.48103885553 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61688885401 2.67179642975 98% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 212.727598566 79% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.528301886792 0.524837075471 101% => OK
syllable_count: 519.3 618.680645161 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.51630824373 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 9.59856630824 42% => OK
Article: 10.0 3.08781362007 324% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 2.0 3.51792114695 57% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.86738351254 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.94265232975 101% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 20.6003584229 78% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 20.1344086022 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.9674636876 48.9658058833 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.75 100.406767564 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.875 20.6045352989 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6875 5.45110844103 123% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.53405017921 88% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.5376344086 90% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 11.8709677419 51% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 3.85842293907 104% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.88709677419 123% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.239403073986 0.236089414692 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0888566422536 0.076458572812 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0580031712166 0.0737576698707 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.159042117479 0.150856017488 105% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0457181369332 0.0645574589148 71% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 11.7677419355 113% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 58.1214874552 90% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.10430107527 144% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 10.1575268817 105% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 10.9000537634 122% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.2 8.01818996416 102% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 86.8835125448 84% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.002688172 110% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.0537634409 95% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 10.247311828 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
We are expecting: No. of Words: 350 while No. of Different Words: 200
Better to have 5 paragraphs with 3 arguments. And try always support/against one side but compare two sides, like this:
para 1: introduction
para 2: reason 1. address both of the views presented for reason 1
para 3: reason 2. address both of the views presented for reason 2
para 4: reason 3. address both of the views presented for reason 3
para 5: conclusion.
So how to find out those reasons. There is a formula:
reasons == advantages or
reasons == disadvantages
for example, we can always apply 'save time', 'save/make money', 'find a job', 'make friends', 'get more information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
or we can apply 'waste time', 'waste money', 'no job', 'make bad friends', 'get bad information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.