At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations. One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions. Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions. The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth;s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve
The main idea of both the passage and the lecture is about the reasons for a mass-extinction event that happened at the end of the Triassic period. The author proposes three reasons and causes for extinction. The lecturer, on the contrary, refutes all three responses for the event and mentions that these are not good explanations for the happening.
To begin with, the reading claims the declining sea-level destroy habitats and lead to the mass-extinction. However, the listening asserts fluctuating and go down of sea level is quite gradual and happens in several million years, for extinction it needs to be sudden, also the populations that live in coastal and shallows are adoptive; therefore, it is not a good reason.
In addition, the text states that climate cooling because of volcanoes which released SO2 is another probability. Conversely, the talk makes an argument that there is no evidence for being SO2 in that climate because SO2 comes back with rain and the climate still has to present it but the atmosphere is clear out of that.
Lastly, the article argues that asteroid strike blocks sunlight and die many animal species. On the other hand, the lecture discusses, very few scientists accept the idea of the strike, because they find asteroid crater with a different date from extinction, actually, it is 12 million before the time expecting. As a result, the lecturer concludes this explanation has a problem too.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-06 | Amin Beheshti | 60 | view |
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- Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 58
- When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects. 83
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 210, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...hree reasons and causes for extinction. The lecturer, on the contrary, refutes all ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, conversely, however, if, lastly, so, still, therefore, as to, in addition, as a result, on the contrary, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 15.1003584229 73% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 9.8082437276 0% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 13.8261648746 72% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 11.0286738351 82% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 43.0788530466 35% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 52.1666666667 46% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 9.0 8.0752688172 111% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1204.0 1977.66487455 61% => OK
No of words: 238.0 407.700716846 58% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.05882352941 4.8611393121 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92775363542 4.48103885553 88% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77056478632 2.67179642975 104% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 212.727598566 71% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.63025210084 0.524837075471 120% => OK
syllable_count: 367.2 618.680645161 59% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.51630824373 99% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 9.59856630824 21% => OK
Article: 10.0 3.08781362007 324% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 2.0 3.51792114695 57% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.86738351254 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.94265232975 81% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 20.6003584229 49% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 20.1344086022 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 64.629791892 48.9658058833 132% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.4 100.406767564 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.8 20.6045352989 116% => OK
Discourse Markers: 15.8 5.45110844103 290% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.53405017921 88% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.5376344086 18% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 11.8709677419 17% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 3.85842293907 130% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.88709677419 61% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.182075023125 0.236089414692 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0674858990317 0.076458572812 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0810792581473 0.0737576698707 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0990210587883 0.150856017488 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0957743373517 0.0645574589148 148% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 11.7677419355 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 58.1214874552 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 6.10430107527 51% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 10.1575268817 109% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 10.9000537634 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.09 8.01818996416 113% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 86.8835125448 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.002688172 105% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.0537634409 111% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 10.247311828 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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We are expecting: No. of Words: 350 while No. of Different Words: 200
Better to have 5 paragraphs with 3 arguments. And try always support/against one side but compare two sides, like this:
para 1: introduction
para 2: reason 1. address both of the views presented for reason 1
para 3: reason 2. address both of the views presented for reason 2
para 4: reason 3. address both of the views presented for reason 3
para 5: conclusion.
So how to find out those reasons. There is a formula:
reasons == advantages or
reasons == disadvantages
for example, we can always apply 'save time', 'save/make money', 'find a job', 'make friends', 'get more information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
or we can apply 'waste time', 'waste money', 'no job', 'make bad friends', 'get bad information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
More content wanted.
Minimum 250 words wanted.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.