In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.
Second, the copper cylinders inside the jarslook exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancientcity located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.
Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.
The article states that some clay jars are excavated in Iraq by villagers which contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod which the archialogost proposed that vessels were ancient electric batteries but the reading said that they are unlikely are used as electeric batteries and provides three reasons of support. However, the professor explains that the argument that the author mentioned is not convincing and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading claims that there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. The professor refutes this point by saying that these clay jars are found by local people who are not trained archeologists. He states that they might found some wires and they just threw them away because they did not understand the importance of them.
Second, the article posits that these cylinders inside the jarlooks are exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the Seleucia ruins and were used as holding scrolls of sacred texts and so these clay jars might be used for holding scrolls as well. However, the professor asserts that these instruments could have been originated as holding but they were adapted for other usages.
According to professor its similarity to Seleucia copper cylinders cannot prove that they were used as same purposes.
Third, the reading avers that ancient people did not have any devices that replied on electricity, so the batteries and vessels were useless to them. The professor opposes this point by explaining that these kinds of instrument can be use as a shocker. Based in the lecture some ancient people might use them to convince other that they had some invisible powers. Also, these devices could be used for healing by ancient doctors as a electricity current which is used now by doctors.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Boys and girls should attend separate schools Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 44
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- The popular 5-day workweek has long been a staple in U.S. business. With employees working 8 hours a day for a total of 40 hours a week, it has been seen as a model of efficiency. However, some companies and government agencies have begun converting to a 89
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 192, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this clay' or 'these clays'?
Suggestion: this clay; these clays
... holding scrolls of sacred texts and so these clay jars might be used for holding scrolls ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 433, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
... used for healing by ancient doctors as a electricity current which is used now b...
^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'first', 'however', 'look', 'second', 'so', 'third', 'well']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.239747634069 0.261695866417 92% => OK
Verbs: 0.214511041009 0.158904122519 135% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0504731861199 0.0723426182421 70% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0504731861199 0.0435111971325 116% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0410094637224 0.0277247811725 148% => OK
Prepositions: 0.135646687697 0.128828473217 105% => OK
Participles: 0.0662460567823 0.0370669169778 179% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.44796659367 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Infinitives: 0.01261829653 0.0208969081088 60% => OK
Particles: 0.0 0.00154638098197 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.123028391167 0.128158765124 96% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0220820189274 0.0158828679856 139% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.018927444795 0.0114777025283 165% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1813.0 1645.83664459 110% => OK
No of words: 297.0 271.125827815 110% => OK
Chars per words: 6.10437710438 6.08160592843 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15134772569 4.04852973271 103% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.360269360269 0.374372842146 96% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.30303030303 0.287516216867 105% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.175084175084 0.187439937562 93% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.111111111111 0.113142543107 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44796659367 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.505050505051 0.539623497131 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
Word variations: 50.2513739562 53.8517498576 93% => OK
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0529801325 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.75 21.7502111507 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 64.3304727343 49.3711431718 130% => OK
Chars per sentence: 151.083333333 132.220823453 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.75 21.7502111507 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.75 0.878197800319 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 3.39072847682 59% => OK
Readability: 55.053030303 50.5018328374 109% => OK
Elegance: 1.44329896907 1.90840788429 76% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.257047810284 0.549887131256 47% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.107272862848 0.142949733639 75% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.055614617273 0.0787303798458 71% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.640904351529 0.631733273073 101% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.167898057533 0.139662658121 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.110767159706 0.266732575781 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0717923988589 0.103435571967 69% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.271247377156 0.414875509568 65% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.109062264755 0.0530846634433 205% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.155870921456 0.40443939384 39% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0937713865295 0.0528353158467 177% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.26048565121 94% => OK
Positive topic words: 3.0 3.49668874172 86% => OK
Negative topic words: 5.0 3.62251655629 138% => OK
Neutral topic words: 4.0 3.1766004415 126% => OK
Total topic words: 12.0 10.2958057395 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.