Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.
In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes withou food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work togethe to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat's group.
The article states that altruism is an act of selflessness and provides two reasons of support. However, the professor opposes the articles and refutes each of the reasons by stating points from the recent study.
Firstly, the reading claims that many animals and people share food and donate organs to others even though it doesn't benefit them. The professor refutes this point by saying that sharing food with others and donating organs to people in need brings appreciation to the donor from the society. She says that for some people non materialistic rewards are very valuable and they therefore tend to work for others in need.Hence, the professor infers that there is no act of selflessness by doing so.
Secondly, the reading gives an example of an animal called Meerkat, which acts as an sentinel, standing guard and looking for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. It states that when meerkat warns the others when it locates a predator, thereby risking its life and also sacrificing its food to guard. But the professor opposes this by stating that the extensive research on meerkat has revealed that, the meerkat acing as a sentinel, eats before standing guard and looking for its predators. Also, it is the easiest for the sentinel to escape after warning about the predator as the sentinal often guard near the burrows. So, they can hide themselves in the burrows soon after warning about the danger.
The reading also tells us that the sentinel has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, than the other animals in groups. The professor contradicts this by stating that when the sentinel warns other animals, the other animals in groups try to escape together hence draws attention towards them and away from the sentinel.
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| 2020-01-10 | faisalaldebei | 70 | view |
| 2020-01-03 | IceGreenTea31 | 75 | view |
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| 2019-12-24 | AdiAlarcon22 | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 112, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
... donate organs to others even though it doesnt benefit them. The professor refutes thi...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 420, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Hence
...erefore tend to work for others in need.Hence, the professor infers that there is no ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 83, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...an animal called Meerkat, which acts as an sentinel, standing guard and looking fo...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, hence, however, if, look, second, secondly, so, therefore, while, as to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1501.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 305.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 4.92131147541 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17902490978 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38695280034 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.537704918033 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.9906239011 49.2860985944 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 125.083333333 110.228320801 113% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.4166666667 21.698381199 117% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.16666666667 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.16797154156 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0622129788738 0.0996497079465 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0575408317126 0.0662205650399 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0931201105806 0.162205337803 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0256727035264 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.55 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.29 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.