Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves. Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.
In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing - it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
The passage and the lecture both deal with altruism. The author gives an example from the animals about altruism, which is called Meerkat. From the writer's perspective, Meerkat sacrifices his life for others when he stands to save the other Meerkats while they bring food.
In addition, the author adds that Meerkat, while he guards the rest against predators, gives them an alarm in case of predator is coming; he might run away to distract the predator from the group while he is hungry. Thus, he doesn't have benefits to himself. In contrast, in the lecture, the speaker says that Meerkat-guard eats before standing to save the rest from the predators, and sometimes when a predator comes, some studies elaborate that he escapes away. In the passage, according to the people, the writer indicates altruism by organs donation. The author points out that organ donators sacrifice their lives for their families and even for other strangers without benefiting themselves. On the other hand, the lecturer states that a kind of altruism has benefits. Having appreciation from the others for donation itself and feeling self-worth are considered appreciation and a reward from unselfish.
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- Undergraduate students majoring in Business or in the Sciences should not be required to take any courses in the Humanities since those courses won t benefit their future careers 50
- Claitown University needs both affordable housing for its students and a way to fund the building of such housing The best solution to this problem is to commission a famous architect known for experimental and futuristic buildings It is common knowledge 68
- People learn things better from those at their own level such as fellow students or co workers than from those at a higher level such as teachers or supervisors 80
- People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries 78
- Important truths begin as outrageous or at least uncomfortable attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time 58
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 149, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...uism, which is called Meerkat. From the writers perspective, Meerkat sacrifices his lif...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 225, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
... the group while he is hungry. Thus, he doesnt have benefits to himself. In contrast, ...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 537, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'organs'' or 'organ's'?
Suggestion: organs'; organ's
...eople, the writer indicates altruism by organs donation. The author points out that or...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
if, so, thus, while, in addition, in contrast, kind of, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 995.0 1373.03311258 72% => OK
No of words: 192.0 270.72406181 71% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.18229166667 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.72241943641 4.04702891845 92% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59606552433 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 120.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.625 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 297.9 419.366225166 71% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 56.4022162685 49.2860985944 114% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.5 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.2 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.3 7.06452816374 103% => OK
Paragraphs: 2.0 4.09492273731 49% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.161716258564 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0765701462057 0.0996497079465 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0752708857301 0.0662205650399 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.15378234599 0.162205337803 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0569199499868 0.0443174109184 128% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.76 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.27 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.